European Union banned with Council Directive No. 74/1999/EC use of the conventional battery cages for laying hens in European Union with effect from January 1, 2012. By this time much attention was paid to the assessment of laying hens welfare in the modified breeding system,namely from aspect of ...

The aim of the present work was to study the occurrence of milk-suckling dairy cows, reasons for this abnormal behaviour and the differences in behaviour between milk-suckling cows and 'normal' ones. Research was carried out on 18 large-scale farms having different housing conditions, situated in...

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of lying time and other behaviour manifestations of dairy cows during usage of different cooling systems of animals. Alternative hypothesis was presumption, that the lying time of cows in lying cubicles with applied two different cooling systems...

The problem of day lighting in dairy cow stables of the type K-200 was investigated in Poland. The intensity of day lighting was compared before and after the proposed overall reconstruction. Attention was given to the examination of the suitability of the investor's plan, which involves...

Three types of individual outside stalls for calves are compared. The first type is of wood construction, with dimensions of 2.2 x 1.2 m, and a yard of 1.8 x 1.2 m. The second type (igloo) is constructed from fibreglass resin laminate, of 1.8 x 1.2 m dimensions, with a 1.8 x 1.2 m yard. The third...

A discussion comprising aspects of free range production such as housing density for fowls, ducks, guinea fowls, turkeys and geese, choice of breeds, choice of feed, nutrition variants, feed composition, light allowance, use of aviaries as a link between housing and paddock, nutrition and finishing ...

The paper deals with evaluation of some technological systems for housing of laying hens (conventional and enriched cages) on selected indicators of eggshell quality. Mathematical and statistical methods were used for analyses. Measurements were conducted under laboratory conditions. The laying...

80% of all laying hens in the world are kept in cages. The EU Directive 1999/74 EC banned the use of the traditional cages allowing 450 cm² per hen as from 2012 but allowed so called enriched cages allowing 750 cm² per hen (of which 600 cm² are the individual space and 150 cm² the shared space) and ...

This is a brief review considering various sources and effects of stress, namely the activation of the sympatho-adrenal system, secretion of catecholamines, mobilisation of energetic reserves, vasodilation, release of adrenocorticotropic hormones, production and quality of meat due to release of...

Bioaerosols comprise dispersed systems of biotic and abiotic components, including pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria, moulds, viruses, allergens, endotoxins, mycotoxins, dust particles, spores and other elements. Animal housing provides an environment that favours the development of...