Behaviour of cows was observed when the minimum number of stalls per cow was 1.00, 0.88 and 0.78, changed at 7-day intervals. Minimum stalls required per cow without altering daily free stall usage and milk production was 0.88. At 0.79/cow, the mean time spent in free stalls was reduced by 29...

Round-the-clock observations were made of the behaviour of cows housed in tied stalls, kennels or in loose housing with cubicles. The times spent on feeding, ruminating, lying down, inactive etc. within a 24 h period in each type of housing were recorded. Construction cost and the cost per head of...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that regulates a wide range of vital processes in the body, including metabolism and the immune response, playing a very important role in triggering the stress response. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different housing systems (indoor or...

This research was conducted in a facility equipped with an automated system for monitoring the microclimate and dedicated to intensive exploitation and growth of pigs. The studies were carried out during a period of 2 years (2007 and 2008) by collecting a total of 40 air samples in stalls, 20...

The study was conducted to determine the effect of pig housing system on the animal welfare of 180 pregnant Large White × Mangalita sows as manifested by their behaviour and immunity. The behaviour and skin lesions of sows housed in groups or individually were noted by direct observation and by...

By definition, social behaviour is comprised of those patterns of behaviour that involve 2 or more members of a species. Thus, social behaviour includes sexual behaviour and parental behaviour. However, the emphasis of this manuscript will be on those behaviours that relate to the formation and...

This paper presents methods for reducing the energy consumption and for ventilating an animal house for pig breeding. These methods include storing fresh air under the ground (inside a heat bank during winter and cooling bank during summer), installing sweeps in the attic and capable of activating...

This work presents a way for goat housing in a farm where 800-1000 animals are kept for milk production. The goats are kept in groups as large as the number of places in the milking area; the young males are kept in collective compartments while the stud males are kept in individual stalls. Kids up ...

This study was conducted to assess the animal welfare level in a farm of laying hens raised under an alternative system in the southern area of Romania. The assessment consisted of a single farm visit that took place in 16 September 2005. The Animal Needs Index (ANI) 35L system was applied to...

In a broiler farm, the efficiency of disinfection, both in the shelters with deep litter system and shelters with battery cage system, was determined. The efficiency of the disinfection was determined based on examination and laboratory examinations which consist of three sanitization tests: the...