The ammonia emission per year/per period in the stable for pigs and cattle was investigated. The measurements were carried out in the following animal categories: dairy cow, heifers, calves (tie-up housing system); young bulls (loose housing system); gestating sows, weaners, slaughter pigs (group ...

The study was aimed at finding the principles of grouping dairy cows in loose housing barns of different size, and comparing feed use efficiency in milk production. The investigation was carried out on two large-scale farms - F-1000 (∼1000 dairy cows) and F-600 (∼600 dairy cows), and on two small...

In Estonia, there are approximately 50 farms with uninsulated and loose housing cowsheds where the outdoor climate has a big impact on the indoor climate of the cowsheds. It is known that cows can put up with lower temperatures much better than with higher ones, so we can say that these buildings...

The paper deals with the microclimate (temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, lighting, ammonia concentration and air movement) patterns within a cold cubicle cowshed for 300 dairy cows. In this cowshed, doors and openings in the ridge and sides (eaves and walls) were opened in summer and...

This is an overview paper about thesis for applying for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural Machinery; defended on 2010 in Estonian University of Life Sciences. In the eighties the number of pigs reared in Estonia reached one million. The number of pigs began to decrease rapidly in...

Energy requirement of suckling piglets during their creep feeding period (22...56 days) was calculated regarding the sow milk and creep feed intake. Theoretical calculations were based on following data: 1) maintenance requirement of piglets - 0.32 MJ ME 1 kg live weight (English et al., 1988) 2)...

Losses of excreta and manure nutrients (N, P, and K) in animal, building, and storage were studied in different animal categories and keeping systems. Dairy cows with milk yield of 5000 and 7000 kg milk per year, heifers aged 12-24 months, and calves aged 0-6 months were kept in tying system where...

Results are presented of a study on the possibility of controlling influences of the used and produced materials on the cowshed indoor climate. The methodology and equipment assembly as well as diagnose and the data processing are given.

This paper presents the methods and results of indoor climate parameters, observed during wintertime in uninsulated cowsheds milking houses (420, 353 and 730 cows, respectively). Indoor temperature, relative humidity, air velocity and direction, oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia content were...