1. The UK indoor pig industry has relied on close confinement of sows in farrowing crates during the farrowing and lactating period for the last 50 years. During that time, farrowing crate design has varied and evolved, and while many attempts have been made to farrow sows indoors without close...
Publisher
Farm Animal Welfare Committee, London, UK
Citation
Opinion on free farrowing systems, 2015, pp 24 pp.
It is possible to successfully keep horned dairy cows in freestall housing. However, it requires husbandry conditions and management measures that take into account the species-specific behavior of the cattle as much as possible and promote a stable and calm herd. The leaflet summarizes the current ...
Publisher
Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau FiBL, Frick, Switzerland
Citation
Laufställe für horntragende Milchkühe. Empfehlungen für die Dimensionierung und Gestaltung, 2022, pp 28 pp.
Publisher
Humane Society International, Washington, USA
Citation
An HSI Report: the economics of adopting alternatives to gestation crate confinement of sows, 2011, pp 12 pp.
Publisher
The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, USA
Citation
An HSUS Report: the economics of adopting alternatives to gestation crate confinement of sows, 2011, pp 12 pp.
This paper discusses the benefits of cage-free systems on laying hens as opposed to use of battery cages, with focus on animal welfare. It demonstrates that furnished cages do not provide for all of a hen's physical and behavioural needs. Although there are certainly advantages and disadvantages...
Publisher
World Society for the Protection of Animals, London, UK
Citation
The case against cages: why cage-free systems are better for laying hens, 2012, pp 40 pp.
Throughout nearly the entirety of their 112-115 day pregnancies, an estimated 60-70% of breeding sows in the United States are confined in gestation crates (also known as sow stalls) - individual metal enclosures so restrictive that the pigs cannot turn around. Crated sows suffer a number of...
Publisher
The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, USA
Citation
An HSUS Report: welfare issues with gestation crates for pregnant sows, 2011, pp 14 pp.
Furnished cages were developed in response to criticisms about conventional battery-cage confinement of laying hens in commercial egg production. Battery cages - small, barren, wire enclosures - restrictively confine the birds, depriving them of the opportunity to display many important patterns of ...
Publisher
The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, USA
Citation
An HSUS Report: welfare issues with furnished cages for egg-laying hens, 2010, pp 17 pp.
This paper reviews the effects of housing on fattening performance. It compares the effects on performance of bulls fattened in tie-stall or loose housing systems, and of bulls at different stocking rates in loose housing systems. It concludes that (1) bulls on slatted floor have a slightly higher...
Author(s)
Andersen, H. R.; Ingvartsen, K. L.
Citation
Beretning fra Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg, 1991, No. 686, pp 31pp.
Housing systems for egg-laying hens range from small, pasture-based flocks to large, commercial-scale operations that intensively confine tens of thousands of hens indoors. The overwhelming majority of laying hens used for commercial egg production in the United States are confined in battery cages ...
Author(s)
Shields, S.; Duncan, I. J. H.
Publisher
The Humane Society of the United States, Washington, USA
Citation
An HSUS Report: a comparison of the welfare of hens in battery cages and alternative systems, 2009, pp 28 pp.
The following article reviews findings based on a series of investigations on animal welfare aspects of the type of flooring used for beef cattle in Northern Ireland and its effects on animal production and carcass parameters as well as cleanliness, and on factors affecting cleanliness of beef...
Author(s)
Kirkland, R. M.; Steen, R. W. J.
Publisher
Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, Hillsborough, UK
Citation
Annual Report - Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, 2000-2001, 2001, pp 30-39