The different types of group housing systems and its effect on pig feeding performance, reproductive performance, health, behaviour and welfare in Germany are discussed.

Recent trends in the number of dairy farms and number of loose stalls according to stall type are discussed with specific reference to the German Federal Republic. Work time requirements, capital requirements and costs are compared for loose and tying stalls. Milk performances in tying stalls with...

Input and output functions are simulated using a mathematical model. The following influences on capital requirements are discussed: house size and stocking density, house design for floor systems, battery type for cage systems and number of age groups. Results obtained showed that capital...

The important features are described of different types of animal housing encompassing cubicles, tethering and loose housing for cattle, and breeding sow stalls, farrowing pens and rearing houses for pigs. Subjects covered include construction, dimensions, costs, working life, feeding and waste...

Technical considerations for the successful planning and construction of agricultural buildings and units for pigs and cattle within the framework of European Economic Community regulations in general, and German Federal Republic regulations in particular, are discussed. Subjects examined include:...

Factors discussed include depreciation, interest, insurance, repair and operating costs. Costs for 2 examples are detailed: (1) 4 rows of fattening pig stalls with short pens, partly slatted floors and lengthwise troughs; (2) rearing pig stalls for 64 sows, with in-out method and 2 phase piglet...

The development and design of get-away cage systems (cages with perches on different levels enabling hens of a low rank to escape from hens of a higher rank), used in the German Federal Republic, were investigated. Variations of the perchery, aviary and multi-tier systems are also described. After >...

Measurements were made in 53 farrowing houses and 29 piglet-rearing houses during the four seasons, with reference to size, method of construction, insulation, North-South orientation, effluent disposal, water supply, ambient temperature, air movement, carbon dioxide content and ammonia content....

Investigations on locomotion behaviour showed that cattle cannot walk on slats and avoid the slots of the floor. The slots often injure claws especially the sole. Claws slip into the slots causing contusion of the sole and exungulation. On dry claws an extreme pressure of 2.5 Pa is acceptable. This ...

In sows in cages, behaviour during oestrus was different from that during pregnancy, but patterns were not always as expected. No single pattern of behaviour was characteristic of oestrus. Proximity to the boar reduced the intensity of oestrous behaviour when compared with sows at some distance...