Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of different species of fungi. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) are the main mycotoxins contaminating animal feedstuffs. These mycotoxins can primarily induce hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity and...

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide obligate intracellular protozoa that infects almost all warm-blooded animals and causes zoonotic toxoplasmosis. Individuals with normal immune function are often infected with Toxoplasma gondii without obvious clinical symptoms and show recessive infection, but...

Background: The order Rickettsiales contains a group of vector-borne gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria, which often cause human emerging infectious diseases and economic losses for dairy and meat industries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of the pathogens...

Twelve Hetian sheep were divided into 3 groups (the control group and experimental group I, II) to investigate the effects of Oxytropis glabra DC poisoning on microbial flora in remen, reveal the toxicity mechanism of O. glabra DC further. The dried plant of the O. glabra DC was comminuted, and two ...

Objective: Tick-borne pathogens have become emerging global health threats in humans and animals. The objective of the present study was to investigateAnaplasma, Ehrlichia, Babesia, and Borrelia in ticks in southern China. Methods: Ticks were collected from animals and identified to the species...

This study aimed to analyze the rabies virus neutralizing antibody characteristics of vaccination inoculators, to provide a basis for the prevention and control of rabies. Data on outpatient vaccination exposure in Hangzhou hospital were collected for the prevention and treatment of occupational ...

Ochratoxin A (OTA), a notorious pollutant widely present worldwide, seriously pollutes aquafeeds. This paper aims to explore the toxicity effects of OTA by the way of diet on the skin barrier in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Results were shown as follows in the skin: (1) OTA increased the...

Cryptosporidium, a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite, is capable of causing zoonotic infections in humans and domestic and wild animals. The primary aim of this review is to summarize the infection prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Nepal. Based on all the available papers published...

Eimeria tenella is the most pathogenic and common coccidia that causes chicken coccidiosis. The intracellular free Ca²⁺ of the host cell is closely related to the invasion, development, and proliferation of intracellular parasites. To determine the dynamic changes of intracellular free Ca²⁺ and its ...

The process of fermenting tofu extends back thousands of years and is an indispensable part of Chinese culture. Despite a cultural resurgence in fermented foods and interest in microbiomes, there is little knowledge on the microbial diversity represented in fermented 'hairy' tofu, known locally in...