Parasite infections affect human and animal health significantly and contribute to a major burden on the global economy. Parasitic protozoan viruses (PPVs) affect the protozoan parasites' morphology, phenotypes, pathogenicity, and growth rates. This discovery provides an opportunity to develop a...

Germ-free animals refer to the animals in which bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, mycoplasma, chlamydia, spirochetes, rickettsia, viruses, protozoa, and parasites cannot be detected in any part of the body and in vitro by modern technologies. Since germ-free animals do not carry any microorganism,...

Background: Exposure to zearalenone (ZEN, a widespread Fusarium mycotoxin) causes reproductive toxicity and immunotoxicity in farm animals, and it then poses potential threats to human health through the food chain. A systematic understanding of underlying mechanisms on mycotoxin-induced toxicity...

Neospora caninum, an intracellular protozoan parasite, causes neosporosis resulting in major losses in the livestock industry worldwide. However, no effective drugs or vaccines have been developed to control neosporosis. An in-depth study on the immune response against N. caninum could help to...

This study was conducted to examine the effects of clay (CL) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) on the ruminal bacterial community of Holstein dairy cows challenged with aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). A second objective was to examine correlations between bacterial abundance and...

Avian trichomonosis is a worldwide and cross-species epidemic, and the infection in pigeons is particularly severe. Although the disease causes a serious threat to poultry health resulting in significant economic losses, the relationship between Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) and host innate...

It has been reported that oral intake of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated feed could cause acute, sub-chronic, or chronic toxicity in livestock and poultry. However, the harmful effect of AFB1 on the small intestine is still controversial. Therefore, blocking the entry of AFB1 into the body through ...

Bartonella species are facultative intracellular bacteria and recognized worldwide as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Bartonella were isolated or identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in bats and their ectoparasites worldwide, whereas the association between them was scarce, especially in...

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi under suitable environmental conditions. Moringa oleifera and vitamin E are known antioxidants and immunostimulants. In present experimental study, M. oleifera and vitamin E were administered in birds feed to mitigate the...

Aim: To effectively make high-quality silage in hot and humid area. Methods and Results: The natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains CZ149, XH358, XH753 and XH761 isolated from corn and Napier grass were screened by the potential of low pH growth and high lactic acid production, and their effect ...