Managing Outdoor Recreation, 2nd Edition
Interactive Matrices
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Problem: Conflict
Which of the following management strategies would you like to apply to help solve this problem?
Select one of the four strategies to see management practices that might be used to solve your problem. Under each of the practices you will see all of the management actions listed in the book's appendices.
Information/Education
- Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks)
- Promote alternative times to use site/park (e.g. hours, days, seasons)
- Inform visitors of current impacts/conditions (e.g. conflict among uses/groups)
Rationing/Allocation
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by reservation system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by queuing system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by fee system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by lottery system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by merit system
- Implement differential fee system (e.g. temporally, spatially)
Rules/Regulations
- Set capacity (for site, park) and require a use permit
- Require a reservation for entry/use
- Require a fee for entry/use
- Require special knowledge/skills for entry/use
- Implement a maximum length of stay
- Limit group size
- Prohibit selected activities/uses (e.g. activities/uses with high resource and/or social impacts)
- Close site/park (e.g. temporally, seasonally, permanently)
Law Enforcement
- Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
- Require visitors to show a use permit
- Sanction (e.g. fine) visitors for unauthorized use
Zoning
- Zone site/park for lower use
- Zone site/park for no use
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Set capacity (for site, park) and design visitor facilities (e.g. parking lots) and services accordingly
- Make access to site/park more difficult (e.g. lower standard roads, trails, transit)
- Improve access (e.g. higher standard roads, trails, transit) to alternative sites/parks
- Eliminate attractions/facilities/services at problem site
- Provide attractions/facilities/services at alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks)
Information/Education
- Inform visitors of the range of recreation areas and opportunities available
- Promote use of low-use areas
- Educate visitors about the potential for conflict
- Promote behavior that reduces conflict (e.g. educate visitors about behaviors that can cause conflict)
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Extend time that area is open to visitor use (hours, days, seasons)
- Prohibit activities/behavior that causes conflict (e.g. boisterous behavior)
Law Enforcement
- Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
- Sanction (e.g. fine) visitors for behavior that causes conflict (e.g. boisterous behavior)
Zoning
- Zone alternative areas for higher use
- Zone areas to separate conflicting uses
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Improve attractions, facilities, services in alternative areas
Information/Education
- Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks) to separate conflicting uses
- Promote alternative times to use site (e.g. hours, days, seasons) to separate conflicting uses
- Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable recreation activities (e.g. no motorized use, no stock use, no large groups)
- Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable behavior (e.g. no boisterous behavior, dogs must be on leash)
- Educate visitors about why selected behaviors are unacceptable (e.g. dogs can scare away wildlife, some visitors want to hear the sounds of nature)
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Prohibit recreation activities that tend to minimize conflict (e.g. motorized uses)
- Prohibit high-impact behavior (e.g. boisterous activity)
- Limit group size
Law Enforcement
- Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
- Sanction (e.g. warn, fine) visitors for inappropriate use/behavior (e.g. motorized use, boisterous behavior)
Zoning
- Separate conflicting activities by spatial zoning (e.g. one site for motorized activities and a different site for non-motorized activities)
- Separate conflicting activities by temporal zoning (hours, days, seasons) (e.g. a site is zoned for motorized activities during one season and non-motorized activities during another season)
- Zone area for recreation activities that tend not to cause conflict (e.g. pedestrian activities)
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Provide facilities/services only for recreation activities that tend not to cause conflict (e.g. pedestrian activities)
- Locate/concentrate facilities and services for recreation activities that tend to cause conflict (e.g. motorized activities) away from facilities and services for other recreation activities
- Design facilities and services to minimize conflict (e.g. provide separate trails for hikers and bikers)
Information/Education
- Inform visitors of current conditions (i.e. conflict among recreation activities)
- Educate visitors about how to avoid conflict with other groups (e.g. no boisterous behavior)
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Regulate activities/behaviors (e.g. motorized uses) that may lead to conflict
Law Enforcement
- Establish a uniformed presence to reduce conflict among visitors
Zoning
- Separate conflicting uses spatially or temporally
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Develop facilities/services (e.g. trails) for conflicting groups in separate areas
