Managing Outdoor Recreation, 2nd Edition
Interactive Matrices
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Problem: Impacts on Water
Which of the following management strategies would you like to apply to help solve this problem?
Select one of the four strategies to see management practices that might be used to solve your problem. Under each of the practices you will see all of the management actions listed in the book's appendices.
Information/Education
- Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks)
- Promote alternative times to use site/park (e.g. seasons)
- Inform visitors of current impacts/conditions at site/park (e.g. polluted water)
Rationing/Allocation
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by reservation system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by queuing system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by fee system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by lottery system
- Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by merit system
- Implement differential fee system (e.g. temporally, spatially)
Rules/Regulations
- Set capacity (for site, park) and require a use permit
- Require a reservation for entry/use
- Require a fee for entry/use
- Require special knowledge/skills for entry/use
- Institute a maximum length of stay
- Limit group size
- Close site/park (e.g. temporarily, seasonally, permanently)
Law Enforcement
- Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
- Require visitors to show a use permit
- Sanction (e.g. fine) visitors for unauthorized use
Zoning
- Zone site/park for lower use
- Zone site/park for no use
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Set capacity (for site, park) and design visitor facilities (e.g. parking lots) and services accordingly
- Make access to site/park more difficult (e.g. lower-standard roads, trails, transit)
- Improve access (e.g. higher standard roads, trails, transit) to alternative sites/parks
Information/Education
- Inform visitors of the range of recreation areas and opportunities available
- Promote use of low-use areas
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Extend time that area is open to visitor use (hours, days, seasons)
Law Enforcement
- Not applicable
Zoning
- Zone alternative areas for higher use
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Improve attractions, facilities, services in alternative areas
- Develop attractions, facilities, services in new areas
- Improve access to new/alternative areas
Information/Education
- Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks) to disperse use
- Promote alternative times to use site (e.g. seasons when water levels are low)
- Promote resistant/hardened sites to concentrate use
- Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable recreation activities (e.g. no motorized uses)
- Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable behavior (e.g., Leave No Trace program, no camping within 100 feet of lakes)
- Educate visitors about why selected behaviors are unacceptable (e.g. camping close to lakes can cause siltation and eutrophication)
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Prohibit high-impact uses (e.g. no motorized activities)
- Prohibit high-impact behavior (e.g. washing too close to lakes)
- Limit group size
Law Enforcement
- Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
- Sanction (e.g., warn, fine) visitors for inappropriate use/behavior (e.g. washing too close to lakes)
Zoning
- Zone area for low-impact uses only (e.g. no motorized uses)
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Provide facilities/services for low impact uses only (e.g. canoe/kayak landings)
- Locate/concentrate facilities and services away from fragile bodies of water
- Design facilities and services to minimize impact (e.g. locate campsites at least 200 feet from streams and lakes)
- Maintain facilities to minimize impact (e.g. clear waterbars along trails regularly)
Information/Education
- Inform visitors of current conditions (i.e. water pollution)
Rationing/Allocation
- Not applicable
Rules/Regulations
- Not applicable
Law Enforcement
- Not applicable
Zoning
- Not applicable
Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance
- Locate visitor attractions/facilities (e.g., trails, campsites) away from water bodies
- Develop facilities (e.g. piers, bridges) to “shield” fragile shorelines
- Design facilities to concentrate use on areas away from water bodies
- Maintain and/or rehabilitate impacted locations (e.g. plant vegetation along shoreline to “buffer” stormwater runoff)
- Close and rehabilitate impacted area
- Develop toilets to keep human waste away from water bodies
- Remove human waste that has been disposed of improperly