Managing Outdoor Recreation, 2nd Edition

Information/Education

• Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks)
• Promote alternative times to use site/park (e.g. hours, days, seasons)
• Inform visitors of current impacts/conditions at site/park (e.g. deterioration of historic buildings, loss of cultural artifacts)

Rationing/Allocation

• Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by reservation system
• Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by queuing system
• Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by fee system
• Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by lottery system
• Set capacity (for site, park) and allocate access by merit system
• Implement differential fee system (e.g. temporally, spatially)

Rules/Regulations

• Set capacity and require a use permit
• Require a reservation for entry/use
• Require a fee for entry/use
• Require special knowledge/skills for entry/use
• Implement a maximum length of stay
• Limit group size
• Close site/park (e.g. temporarily, seasonally, permanently)

Law Enforcement

• Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
• Require visitors to show a use permit
• Sanction (e.g. fine) visitors for unauthorized use

Zoning

• Zone site/park for lower use
• Zone site/park for no use

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Set capacity (for site, park) and design visitor facilities (e.g. parking lots) and services accordingly
• Make access to site/park more difficult (e.g. lower standard roads, trails, transit)
• Improve access (e.g. higher standard roads, trails, transit) to alternative sites (within park, other parks)

Information/Education

• Inform visitors of the range of recreation areas and opportunities available
• Promote use of low-use areas

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Extend time that area is open to visitor use (hours, days, seasons)

Law Enforcement

• Not applicable

Zoning

• Zone alternative areas for higher use

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Improve attractions, facilities, services in alternative areas
• Develop attractions, facilities, services in new areas
• Improve access to new/alternative areas

Information/Education

• Promote alternative sites (e.g. within park, other parks) to disperse use
• Promote alternative times to use site (e.g. hours, days, seasons)
• Promote resistant/hardened sites to concentrate use
• Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable recreation activities (e.g. do not take historical artifacts, no photography of sensitive art works)
• Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable behavior (e.g. do not disturb/remove cultural artifacts)
• Educate visitors about why selected behaviors are unacceptable (e.g. cultural artifacts are important to archeologists, visitors like to see cultural artifacts)

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Prohibit high-impact uses (e.g. no rubbings of pictographs)
• Prohibit high-impact behavior (e.g. no disturbance of cultural artifacts)
• Limit group size

Law Enforcement

• Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
• Sanction (e.g. warn, fine) visitors for inappropriate use/behavior (e.g. feeding wildlife)

Zoning

• Zone area for low-impact uses only (e.g. no large groups)

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Provide facilities/services for low impact uses only (e.g. set maximum group size)
• Locate/concentrate facilities and services away from sensitive areas (e.g. archeological sites)
• Design facilities and services to minimize impact (e.g. place cultural resources in protective cases)
• Maintain facilities to minimize impact (e.g. maintain the integrity of barriers to keep visitors away from sensitive resources)

Information/Education

• Inform visitors of current conditions (i.e. missing artifacts)

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Not applicable

Law Enforcement

• Not applicable

Zoning

• Not applicable

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Locate visitor attractions/facilities (e.g. trails, campsites) away from sensitive historical/cultural resources
• Develop facilities (e.g. viewing platforms, walkways) to “shield” sensitive historical/cultural resources
• Design facilities to concentrate use on naturally resistant or hardened historical/cultural resources
• Stabilize/reconstruct sensitive historical/cultural resources
• Maintain/repair damage to sensitive historical/cultural resources