Managing Outdoor Recreation, 2nd Edition

Information/Education

• Promote alternative campgrounds/campsites (e.g. within park, other parks)
• Promote alternative times to use campgrounds/campsites (e.g. hours, days, seasons)
• Inform visitors of current impacts/conditions on campgrounds/campsites (e.g. resource degradation, crowding)

Rationing/Allocation

• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and allocate access by reservation system
• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and allocate access by queuing system
• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and allocate access by fee system
• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and allocate access by lottery system
• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and allocate access by merit system
• Implement differential fee system (e.g. temporally, spatially)

Rules/Regulations

• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and require a use permit
• Require a reservation for use
• Require a fee for use
• Require special knowledge/skills for use
• Implement a maximum length of stay
• Limit group size
• Close area (e.g. temporally, seasonally, permanently)

Law Enforcement

• Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
• Require visitors to show a use permit
• Sanction (e.g. fine) visitors for unauthorized use

Zoning

• Zone campground/campsite for lower use
• Zone campground/campsite for no use

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Set capacity (for campground/campsite) and design visitor facilities (e.g. parking lots) and services accordingly
• Make access to campground/campsite more difficult (e.g. lower standard roads, trails, transit)
• Improve access (e.g. higher standard roads, trails, transit) to alternative campground/campsite (within park, other parks)

Information/Education

• Inform visitors of the range of recreation areas and opportunities available
• Promote use of low-use areas

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Extend time that area is open to visitor use (hours, days, seasons)

Law Enforcement

• Not applicable

Zoning

• Zone alternative areas for higher use

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Improve attractions, facilities, services in alternative areas
• Develop attractions, facilities, services in new areas
• Improve access to new/alternative areas

Information/Education

• Promote alternative campsites (e.g. within park, other parks) to disperse use
• Promote alternative times to use campsites (e.g. hours, days, seasons) to disperse use
• Promote resistant/hardened campsites to concentrate use
• Inform visitors of current impacts/conditions (e.g. resource impact, conflict)
• Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable recreation activities (e.g. no recreational vehicles)
• Inform visitors of acceptable and unacceptable behavior (e.g. store food properly, respect quiet hours, no campfires, carry bear cannisters)
• Educate visitors about why selected activities/behaviors are unacceptable (e.g. unattended food can attract animals)

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Prohibit high-impact uses (e.g. no recreational vehicles)
• Prohibit high-impact behavior (e.g. no campfires/collecting wood, no boisterous behavior)
• Limit group size
• Implement a maximum length of stay
• Allow camping at designated campsites only

Law Enforcement

• Establish presence of a uniformed ranger
• Sanction (e.g. warn, fine) visitors for inappropriate use/behavior (e.g. unattended food, boisterous behavior)

Zoning

• Zone area for low-impact uses only (e.g. walk-in campsites only)
• Separate conflicting activities by spatial zoning (e.g. one campground for recreational vehicles and a different campground for tent camping)
• Separate conflicting activities by temporal zoning (hours, days, seasons) (e.g. a campground/campsite is zoned for recreational vehicles during one season and tent camping during another season)

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Provide facilities/services for low impact uses only (e.g. no electricity, showers)
• Locate campsite on impact-resistant sites (e.g. impact resistant soils and vegetation, away from sensitive wildlife habitat)
• Provide firewood
• Design campsite to minimize impact (e.g. install tent platforms, designate margins of campsites, provide bear boxes, fire grates)
• Maintain facilities to minimize impact (e.g. maintain the integrity of fences around campsites)

Information/Education

• Inform visitors of current conditions (i.e. resource degradation, crowding at campgrounds/campsites)

Rationing/Allocation

• Not applicable

Rules/Regulations

• Not applicable

Law Enforcement

• Not applicable

Zoning

• Not applicable

Facility Development/Site Design/Maintenance

• Locate campgrounds/campsites in durable areas (e.g. soils that are resistant to compaction and erosion)
• Develop facilities (e.g. tent platforms) to “shield” fragile resources
• Design campgrounds/campsites to concentrate use on naturally resistant or hardened areas
• Maintain or rehabilitate impacted campgrounds/campsites
• Close and rehabilitate impacted campgrounds/campsites
• Maintain/repair damage to impacted campgrounds/campsites
• Clean/maintain campgrounds/campsites regularly