Appendix 8

Fig. 8.1E. Thin ewe with dental disease. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.3E. Cow with Johne’s Disease infected by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies
paratuberculosis. (https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/oc/graphics/photos/300dpi/kesa/d1441-1.jpg)

Fig. 8.4E. The costs of sickness behaviour to direct fitness. Behavioural (pink) and physiological
(green) signs of sickness can, either directly or indirectly, lead to maladaptive consequences (orange) that reduce individual fitness. (From Shakhar and Shakhar (2015) using a Creative Commons Public License; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)

Fig. 8.5E. The benefits of sickness behaviour to indirect fitness. Signs of sickness behaviour (pink) can suppress (red connectors) or promote (green arrows) several mediating behaviours (yellow), consequently reducing pathogen transmission through several routes (blue). (From Shakhar and Shakhar (2015) using a Creative Commons Public License; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)

Fig. 8.6E. Granulomatous inflammation in the small intestines of a goat with Johne’s disease. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.7E. Goat with Johne’s disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.8E. Sheep with tooth abscess. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.9E. Sheep with caseous lymphadenitis abscess caused by infection with the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.10E. Lungs of sheep with caseous lymphadenitis abscess caused by infection with the bacterium Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.11E. Post-mortem signs of pneumonia in a calf.

Fig. 8.12E. Sheep with mastitis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.13E. Diarrhoea in young lambs, due to coccidiosis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.14E. Anaemia in sheep due to Haemonchus contortus. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.15E. Sheep with sarcoptic mange caused by mites (Sarcoptes scabiei var. ovis). (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.16E. Sheep with nose bot fly, Oestrus ovis. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.17E. Mortality in laying hen housing systems. Box plots for mortality of laying hens between 60 and 80 weeks of age in each housing system using data from ten studies (3851 flocks). (From Weeks et al., 2016, using a Creative Commons Public License; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.)

Fig. 8.18E. Thorough cleaning and disinfection of calf pens.

Fig. 8.19E. Rinsing of calf pens after disinfection.

Fig. 8.20E. Sheep showing signs of polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis), a nervous system disease associated with nutritional factors affecting the availability of thiamine (vitamin B1). (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.21E. Lame cull dairy cow with extensive swelling of a foot.

Fig. 8.22E. Lame cull dairy cow.

Fig. 8.23E. Veal calf with ulcerated bursitis lesion.

Fig. 8.24E. Foot rot lesion in a sheep. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.25E. Foot scald lesion in a sheep. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.26E. Lameness in a ram showing characteristic kneeling posture to graze. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.27E. Sick sheep showing signs associated with pneumonia. (Courtesy of Dr Paula Menzies.)

Fig. 8.28E. Veal calf with diarrhoea.

Fig 8.29E Calf with nasal discharge.