Agricultural innovation systems (AIS) approaches contribute to achieving impact at scale: this is still a statement which is questioned and not yet a widely accepted fact. Any claims supporting it are based on circumstantial evidence at best. This chapter discusses why this is the case, examining how AIS approaches primarily create a relevant context perspective in support of learning and partnership processes, rather than leading to targeted strategies for achieving impact at scale. The Working Paper also explains how AIS approaches are adapted to common traditional approaches, which are often still limiting and linear, instead of developing new, complexity aware ways to scaling based on an AIS perspective. These considerations translate to a need for new steps in AIS thinking and practice to enhance the effectiveness of AIS approaches. This should include AIS-based theories of change, which are better articulated in relation to capacities to innovate and in relation to achieving impact at scale.