Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA), as an idea, is a success story and has been rapidly taken up by the international community because of its potential to address the urgent needs of climate mitigation, adaptation and resilience, and food security. While lack of location-specific tools, long-term experiences and a favourable enabling environment are barriers to CSA implementation, there are a number of climate-smart technologies and practices that are known and available. Unfortunately, few have shown widespread uptake. One reason for limited uptake and implementation is the difficulty of sharing information and knowledge on effective CSA practices emerging from research. National agricultural advisory services can be considered as representing the synapses that bring information from research to the end users, namely farmers. But these advisory services suffer in many developing countries from chronic understaffing, limited operational funds and weak linkages to other players, such as research. Evidence from Africa, for example, shows that the numbers of farmers served by each extension worker is 950 in Kenya, 2500 in Uganda, and 3420 in Nigeria (Sones et al., 2015). This situation leads to underperformance of extension systems, limited reach and impact and presents the main challenge for CSA implementation. These systemic constraints can lead to an inability to respond quickly to changing climatic environments with adaptation strategies and are thus a threat for agriculture based economies.