So what we're doing here is sheep handling. Now the most important thing to remember about sheep is that they are not stupid. Everybody thinks they're stupid, but actually they're not. They're a flock animal, so their behavior is very much orientated towards the flock. And that means that if you put yourself in the wrong place, or you cut a sheep off from its friends, it's going to try and get back to them. And it's not because they're stupid. It's just because they want to get back to the flock. So just keep that in mind when you're handling sheep. Think of it as a flock animal rather than an individual. What we're going to do in this session is approach a sheep and catch a sheep. We're then going to bring it away from its friends, move it around the pen a little bit, hold it still so you can do procedures with it. And then we're going to demonstrate how to turn the sheep over so that it's sitting on its rump. And when you do your lambing, this will be a procedure that you'll be doing quite frequently because you'll be turning the ewe over so that you can check her udder and make sure she's producing milk and that she doesn't have mastitis. To demonstrate to you how to do it without a sheep, just to show you the movement of your body and the movement of your hands on the twist method. First of all, you have your sheep here, you place your feet comfortably apart, about 30 centimeters, 45 centimeters. Normally this is just between the sheep's feet. And your knees are normally into the shoulder and into the flank of the sheep. You then bend your knees a little bit. You have the sheep here. You twist the head around. You then push down on this flank. You push with both hands. But as you push, you rotate and lift your foot out of the way. So she's actually going to sit where your foot has been. That is the idea anyway. So it's like this, simple as that. A lot of you tend to push the head and then forget to push this hand-- move this hand at the same time. So then you end up like this. So then the sheep just walks away. So it's like that. That's it, simple without the sheep. Now, try with the sheep. Now the sheep you wish to catch, if it's in the center of the group, you try and stir the sheep up so you can actually bring the animal into an area where you can actually go in and get her. I'll try and catch the sheet with the blue tag. If she's on this front line, it's more likely that she'll run off too quickly and you can't catch her. So the idea is to actually try and keep her facing into the group and possibly even looking away from it. So then you can actually go in quickly, catch the sheep, and again, control the animal. Pull back on the head to bring her back out of the group and to the side, where you can control her. Again, we will try the twist method. First of all-- and the idea is to actually have your hand at the end of the lever rather than down on the jaw-- a lot easier to push the head around. They're not being very cooperative. So, twist the head around and push. Oop, that's it. Keep the head-- keep the head twisted while you lean over to pick this leg up. This protects your chin from the sheep pushing her head up underneath your chin. And then slowly lift the sheep up to the sitting position. Head bent one way or the other, it doesn't really matter. And then we can inspect the feet, undercarriage, and the udder, and so on. But it leaves both hands free to actually do things with the animal, so for foot trimming or even checking teeth if you wish to. OK, when you come to let the sheep go, support her head. Let her come down to the sitting position. And then just let her go. This method, the two-man method, is for rams and for large sheep, animals that are too big to lift over yourself where you're going to hurt your back. Rams, because you can't twist their head around to the shoulder because they're very solid here. So therefore, you need the two-man method. And they're very heavy. They can weigh up to 100, 120 kilos. So my assistant will reach underneath and grab this leg nearest to me and pull it underneath the sheep. At the same time, I'm concentrating on the head end. And the idea is to roll the sheep around my knee. So, on the count of three, when Ann will get hold of the leg-- I'll count to three, Ann, OK? You pull the leg towards you. One, two, three, pull. And-- and again, let the sheep sit back against your knees. Not too far forward, otherwise they attempt to run away. Not too far back, otherwise they get uncomfortable because the rumen starts pressing against the heart and so on, so just comfortable with your knees tucked into her shoulders. And then again come to release the shape, just let her go down to the sitting position. And away she goes. The lift method is for lambs and smaller sheep. This animal is almost a little bit too big for that. But to demonstrate today, I should be OK because I'm actually used to the technique. And the idea is to actually-- it's not physically lifting the animal off the ground, it's rolling her onto your knees and then placing her on the ground. So the idea is to grab this flap of skin just in front to the back leg, and cuddling the sheep, and then lifting and rolling her. So I'll take her away from the edge so I have a space to sit her. Your feet should be placed between her feet. And then the idea is just lifting off the ground and rolling her around and sitting her in position. If she's not comfortable sitting that side, you can always roll her onto this side. Some prefer one side; some prefer the other. And again, release the animal. Put her down on the ground, and away she goes. And for those of you that are not happy lifting the shape entirely or entirely happy with it, if you find the shape that is actually moving away from you all the time, you can then use a combination of the two. And that's to lift this leg off the ground, twist the head, and just let her sit down. And then again, leaning over, protecting your own chin while protecting this head, and then lifting her up slowly to the sitting position. And hands free. And to release, again pick the head up, down to the sitting position, and the way she goes. When we think about moving groups of sheep, it's important to recognize that sheep are a flock species, so they will follow each other. And they also tend to look for escape points. So if you give them a gap, they'll often go for it. For example, you can see that sheep knows what she's doing. They all follow each other to the point that they're actually trying to peck through a small space and getting tangled up with it. And then they'll stay and reform their group. When they're out grazing, they will separate to graze. But as soon as they're alarmed, they'll automatically huddle together as a group.