Introduction: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by impaired immune function. Changes in the proportions of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes and the serum concentrations of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cAD have been described. Objectives: To assess whether the ...

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common urinary tumour in dogs. Despite a range of treatment options, prognosis remains poor in dogs. In people, breakthroughs with checkpoint inhibitors have established new standards of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients and elevated levels of...

Background: Data on alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subtypes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is lacking. Objectives: To investigate PBL subtypes and their correlation with parameters of inflammation and MMVD progression markers in dogs with different stages of...

Dogs are the most common domestic reservoir of Leishmania infantum, making canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) a serious public health issue. Identifying new methodologies that can mimic lymphoid and myeloid competence in naturally infected dogs could lower costs and save time in preliminary...

The health of pets is becoming a growing concern for the pet industry and its owners. Immunity is one of the foundational supports for health, thus developing a functional bioactive substance that can boost pets' immunity is essential. Many studies have shown that casein phosphopeptide (CPP) and...

Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been identified as a biomarker in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been found to be associated with changes in the NLR in humans. Objectives: To examine the diagnostic value of the NLR in...

Activated lymphocyte therapy is one of the immunotherapies for cancer patients that is expected to prolong life without any adverse effects and maintain satisfactory quality of life (QOL). However, the objective assessment and maintenance of a standardized evaluation of QOL are not easy. We aimed...

Paraneoplastic hypereosinophilia, characterized by the infiltration of eosinophils into systemic organs, has rarely been reported in dogs with intestinal lymphoma. A 12-year-old spayed female Maltese with eosinophilia in the periph- eral blood and ascites was found to have muscular layer thickening ...

With a prevalence of up to 35% in dogs with reproductive problems, azoospermia is one of the most important reasons for male infertility. Non-obstructive azoospermia, without clinical symptoms, but histopathological damage of the testicular tissue and immune cell infiltration is referred to as...

Background: Epitheliotropic lymphoma is an uncommon cutaneous malignancy of T lymphocytes. Limited information is available regarding the treatment and outcome of dogs with this disease. Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcome and toxicity profile of isotretinoin in dogs with epitheliotropic...