From 1907 when the fever tick eradication campaign began until 1933, the tick eradication methods of dipping cattle in an acaricide or "pasture vacation" were enormously successful in eradicating southern cattle ticks [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini)], until failures began to occur ...

A pilot study was conducted to determine the presence of Toxocara vitulorum in beef calves (Bos taurus) in north-central Florida. T. vitulorum is a nematode found in subtropical climates and considered to be rare in the United States. This parasite is thought to be endemic among water buffalo (...

Fecal specimens were obtained from mature milking cows on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive specimens for Enterocytozoon bieneusi were found in 24 of 541 cows examined (4.4%) and on 12 of 14 farms. The ...

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in 1-2-year-old heifers was determined for 571 animals on 14 dairy farms in seven states on the East Coast of the United States. A fecal specimen collected directly from each heifer was processed to concentrate oocysts that were then examined by polymerase...

To determine the prevalence of Giardia genotypes in 12-24 month old dairy heifers, fecal specimens were collected from two farms each in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. Specimens, cleaned of fecal debris and concentrated using CsCl density gradient...

Between 1910 and 1961, over 3500 cattle-dipping vats were constructed in the State of Florida to combat the Southern and Tropical Cattle Tick (Boophilus annulatus and Boophilus microplus) for the control of Southern Cattle Fever (Piroplasmosis). During this period, arsenic, DDT, BHC, Delnav, and...

Cryptosporidium parvum DNA from 175 neonatal calves on 16 farms in eight eastern states in the United States was subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene to determinate the parasite genetic diversity. Six subtypes of the IIa subtype family were found. Subtype IIaA15G2R1, which...

Current anticholinesterase pesticides were developed during World War II and are toxic to mammals because they target a catalytic serine residue of acetylcholinesterases (AChEs) in insects and in mammals. A sequence analysis of AChEs from 73 species and a three-dimensional model of a...

Fecal specimens were obtained from 3- to 8-month-old post-weaned dairy calves on farms in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, and Florida. After removal of fecal debris by sieving and density gradient centrifugation, 59 of 452 calves (13%) from 11 farms in six...