This paper describes the medical and therapeutic procedures for the immediate emergency treatment of airway obstructions and circulatory conditions, including brachycephalic syndrome, collapsing trachea, foreign body obstruction, hypersensitivity reaction, laryngeal edema, laryngeal paralysis,...

Shock is a complex clinical condition that results when cellular energy production is inadequate to meet metabolic requirements. There a numerous potential causes for shock and these can be broadly classified: hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, obstructive, and metabolic. Clinical signs of ...

Pericardial effusion in dogs is most commonly caused by cardiac neoplasia and idiopathic pericarditis. Prognosis depends on aetiology. Pericardial effusion can lead to life-threatening acute cardiac tamponadewhich should be recognized and treated. In acute cardiac tamponade, the intra pericardial...

Sepsis is currently defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis may occur secondary to infection anywhere in the body, and its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood. Variations in the host immune response result in diverse ...

Gastric dilatation volvulus is an acute and life-threatening disease requiring immediate intervention and intensive nursing. The presence of a large gas-filled stomach and subsequent twisting of the stomach results in compression of surrounding organs, hypovolaemic and cardiogenic shock....

Gastric Dilatation Volvulus (GDV) is a medical emergency in dogs characterized by accumulation of gas in the stomach, malposition of the stomach, increased intra-gastric pressure, and cardiogenic shock. Some of the predisposing factors for GDV include genetics, breed of dog, texture, quantity and...

The different types of shock syndrome in animals were discussed focusing on its diagnosis and treatment.

Anaphylactoid reactions to anaesthetic drugs are rarely reported in veterinary medicine. The aim of this report is to describe a suspected anaphylactic reaction to propofol in a 14 years old Shih-Tzu undergoing general anaesthesia for ovariohysterectomy due to a pyometra. The anesthetic protocol...

Objectives: To describe the electrocardiographic characteristics of ventricular tachycardia arising from the right ventricular outflow tract and the particular association between this arrhythmia and the presence of localised right ventricular outflow tract enlargement in English bulldogs. Methods: ...

In humans, diabetes mellitus (DM) patients may present increased lactate levels compared to non-diabetics. Considering that there is little information regarding lactate levels in diabetic dogs, the main goal of this study was the determination of lactate concentration in diabetic dogs at...