Echocardiographic evaluation is a diagnostic tool for the in vivo diagnosis of heart diseases. Specific and unique anatomical characteristics of the ophidian heart such as the single ventricular cavity, a tubular sinus venosus opening into the right atrium, the presence of three arterial trunks and ...

Objective: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new technique to measure the myocardial velocities of the avian heart. Using this technique, the present study investigated the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on the systolic and diastolic longitudinal myocardial velocities in racing pigeons....

A female beagle dog with no history of previous illness was reported to be died of Viper snake bite early in the morning. The dog showed restlessness and respiratory stress before death. Complete post mortem examination was conducted and samples of skin, lung, heart, liver, spleen, intestine,...

Introduction: Corn snakes are a very common pet reptile species, yet there is an absence of evidence-based literature standardising collection of ECG or detailing ECG deflection morphology in the normal animal. The authors describe a well-tolerated, reproducible technique and detail the cardiac...

A two-year-old male veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) was referred for a gular oedema and bilateral blepharoedema. The echocardiography revealed a ventricular hypertrophy, pericardial effusion, and valvular regurgitation of the right atrioventricular valve. Treatment with...

A 2 yr old female ball python (Python regius) was presented to the University of Georgia Zoological Medicine Service for evaluation of oral discharge. The snake was anesthetized for diagnostic imaging, a tracheal wash, and blood collection. Under anesthesia, blood was obtained via cardiocentesis...

A 1.5 kg, male, wild-caught tiger rat snake (Spilotes pullatus) presented with an externally visible distension of the body wall at the level of the heart. Ultrasound examination showed marked pericardial effusion. Pericardial fluid showed no bacterial or fungal growth, few leukocytes, and few...

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a noninvasive sonographic method of acquiring and quantifying myocardial velocities. This technique is used in human and small animal medicine to diagnose cardiac diseases. Using this technique, we evaluated the longitudinal myocardial peak velocities of the...

Doppler echocardiographic examinations are an important technique for evaluating the blood flow also in avian cardiology. The influence of anesthesia on the blood flow in the heart is in detail unknown for the most avian species. The present study investigated the influence of an isoflurane...

An approximately 7-yr-old male dusky pygmy rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) developed marked depression in mentation shortly after restraint in an acrylic tube during a preventative health evaluation. Radiographs taken during the examination demonstrated a constrictive lesion due to the...