Informed and effective management of emerging infectious diseases can be improved by a clear understanding of host-pathogen-environment interactions. Impacts of the seasonal environment on pathogen dynamics and host responses are poorly described in most reptile host-fungal pathogen systems. Here,...

Objective: Assess vascular permeability of the snake spectacle to sodium fluorescein during resting and shedding phases of the ecdysis cycle. Animal studied: Ball python (Python regius). Procedures: The snake was anesthetized, and spectral domain optic coherence tomography was performed prior to...

This article discusses the normal moulting (ecdysis) process in snakes; and the management of snakes that are under incomplete moulting (dysecdysis). The behaviour of snakes during moulting and the regeneration of snake skin cells are also highlighted.

Case history: Gradual onset of ocular opacity was observed in three gold-striped geckos (Woodworthia chrysosiretica), and five Pacific geckos (Dactylocnemis pacificus) held in two adjacent terrariums in a zoological institution located in the North Island of New Zealand. Ultraviolet light and heat...

The effects of feed and environmental factors have been studied in ecdysis process in Indian rock python. Ten experimental animals were observed in captivity and it was noted that ecdysis was more rapid during summer compared to winter. Furthermore, ticks and mites were recorded during both the...

This article gives an overview of skin diseases in lizards. The rare structure and function of the lizard skin are presented. Reptile skin examination is discussed as well as the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin diseases. Focus is given on shedding problems such as ...

A 10-yr-old intact blue-tongued skink (Tiliqua scincoides) of unknown sex presented for epistaxis and dyspnea. On physical examination, dysecdysis, necrosis of the tip of the tail, and a pink discoloration of the proximal third of the tongue were noted in addition to epistaxis, dyspnea, and...

A 5-yr-old, male Brazilian rainbow boa (Epicrates cenchria cenchria) presented with a partial spectacle avulsion that progressed to full spectacle avulsion following ecdysis. A porcine small intestinal submucosal graft was sutured over the cornea to protect the globe and allow the spectacle to...

We report the epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of an outbreak of Paranannizziopsis australasiensis (order Onygenales) in captive African bush vipers (Atheris squamigera) (ABVs) that died suddenly. The snakes had multifocal, raised, white-grey to dark brown discoloured cutaneous...

Dermatologic disorders are often caused by feeding and management mistakes. Vitamin A deficiency is the most common feeding disorder, it can affect insectivore saurian and is considered a possible cause of spontaneous skin rupture in ophidian. Housing management mistakes are often the cause of...