Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) include nerve agents and insecticides that potently inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an essential enzyme found throughout the nervous system. High exposure levels to OPs lead to seizures, cardiac arrest, and death if left untreated. Oximes are a critical piece...

The purpose of the research is to study the cumulative properties of the long-acting preparation "Flyblock insecticidal tag". Materials and methods. The cumulative properties of the "Flyblock insecticidal tag" preparation were studied by the subchronic toxicity method on 20 male guinea pigs, which...

An adult male guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) with a 1-month history of hind limb paresis, torticollis, and seizures was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Gross examination was unremarkable, but histologic examination revealed multifocal eosinophilic and lymphoplasmacytic choriomeningitis and...

The neuropathologic mechanisms after exposure to lethal doses of nerve agent are complex and involve multiple biochemical pathways. Effective treatment requires drugs that can simultaneously protect by reversible binding to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and blocking cascades of seizure related...

Seizures and status epilepticus, which may contribute to brain injury, are common consequences of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitors. Effective management of these seizures is critical. To investigate the efficacy of nasal midazolam as an anticonvulsive treatment for OP...

Context. Human butyrylcholinesterase (huBuChE) has potential utility as a post-exposure therapy following percutaneous nerve agent poisoning as there is a slower absorption of agent by this route and hence a later onset of poisoning. Methods. We used surgically implanted radiotelemetry devices to...

The pharmacological screening of aqueous extract of C. infortunatum for maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylene tetrazole seizure (PTZ), Force Locomotor Activity (FLA), Conditioned Avoidance Response (CAR), analgesic activity in albino rats and local anaesthetic effect in guinea pigs were...

Scopolamine (SCP) is an anticholinergic drug used clinically for decades to treat motion sickness, as a surgical preanesthetic, and as a smooth muscle antispasmodic. It has also been used experimentally as a pretreatment and/or treatment adjunct to mitigate the toxic sequelae of organophosphorus...

The causes, diagnosis, treatment and control of skin diseases affecting rabbits and rodents were discussed.

This article describes the suspected adverse drug reactions in horses, cattle, swine, sheep and goats reported by Swedish veterinarians during 2007 and 2008. In coming articles the adverse reactions reported in dog, cat, rabbit and guinea pig and human reactions to veterinary drugs, will be...