Otitis is one of the most common motifs for presentation for canine consultation, after the annual vaccination. Most cases of the otitis are acute and are rapidly cured after administration of suitable therapy. However, chronic forms of otitis are common, in particular in referral practices. The...

The inner ear contains endolymph and perilymph. The second is comparable and in continuity with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) so it is expected to suppress in fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) if normal. Even though inner ear FLAIR abnormalities have been...

Background: Although the use of clinical reasoning has been evaluated for several neurological presentations, this approach has not yet been investigated for dogs with vestibular syndrome. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-nine dogs presenting with vestibular syndrome were included in this...

Background: Medical treatment of clinical otitis media and interna in guinea pigs is often unsatisfactory. Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy are used successfully in dogs, cats, and rabbits to treat chronic, medically nonresponsive ear disease. However, in guinea pigs this...

Diseases of the ear are common in pet rabbits. The basic anatomy of the "standard" rabbit is similar to the canine and feline ear; however, there are a few important differences. Otitis refers to inflammation of one or more structure of the ear and includes otitis externa (the ear canal), otitis...

An 11-year-old French Bulldog presented nervous system signs, the most visible of which was a left-sided head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed otitis media and interna, causing inflammation of the brainstem and meninges, and an abscess. A video-otoscopy revealed an...

Background: An aural cholesteatoma, more appropriately named tympanokeratoma, is an epidermoid cyst of the middle ear described in several species, including dogs, humans and Mongolian gerbils. The cyst lining consists of stratified, keratinizing squamous epithelium with central accumulation of a...

Background: 25% of the patients suffering from otitis media do not show any abnormalities on radiographs. To visualize this anatomical region, both CT and MRI are more sensitive and precise imaging modalities. Using multiplanar and 3D imaging techniques, additional essential information can be...

Background: Vestibular dysfunction is relatively common in dogs, with a prevalence of 0.08% reported in primary veterinary care in the UK. There are several studies investigating how to differentiate between peripheral and central vestibular disease but only limited information regarding the...