Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness, a progressive optic neuropathy with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death beginning in the optic nerve head (ONH). A primary risk factor for developing glaucoma is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is the only treatment proven to be ...

Canine glaucoma is a group of disorders that are generally associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in a characteristic optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in dogs and may be either primary or secondary. Despite the growing spectrum of...

Objective: To investigate veterinary ophthalmologists' use of presumed neuroprotective therapies for degenerative retinal and optic nerve diseases in dogs. Procedures: An online survey was sent to 663 board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists who were Diplomates of the American College of...

Visual evoked potential (VEP) is a useful technique for evaluation of optic nerve pathway and diagnosis of human Alzheimer's disease. Canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD) is an age-related neurobehavioural syndrome which is commonly underdiagnosed in dogs. In the present study, VEPs were recorded...

A 6-year-old neutered female Jack Russell terrier was investigated for sudden onset prechiasmatic bilateral blindness, left circling, reduced proprioception in the right pelvic limb and right facial allodynia. Electroretinography was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination revealed...

Neurological examination of a 4.5-year-old female neutered labrador retriever was consistent with a lesion in the subcortical visual pathway (mainly affecting the left retina or optic nerve, and less likely the optic chiasm or right optic tract). Ophthalmic examination was unremarkable. MRI...

Canine distemper (CD) is a multisystemic and infectious disease caused by a Morbillivirus. The search for viral inclusions by mucosal cytology is a low cost and high practical alternative, which establishes the definitive diagnosis of CD, but is little reported in the literature. The objective was...

A 12-year-old castrated male cocker spaniel dog was presented with a 4-week history of left episcleral injection and pawing at the face. Clinical examination findings included left internal and external ophthalmoplegia, left dorsal strabismus, pain opening the mouth, and intermittent amaurosis....

A progressive neurological disorder was identified in purebred Dalmatian dogs. The disease is characterized by anxiety, pacing and circling, hypersensitivity, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, loss of coordination, loss of control over urination and defecation, and visual impairment....

A bilateral cranial polyneuropathy was the primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in three medium to large breed dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. All three dogs presented with a progressive history of vestibular ataxia with either central vestibular or...