Objective: To compare the dimensions and density of the tongue in brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dog breeds and to document the relative extents of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airways occupied by the tongue and palatal tissues. Study design: Case control study. Animals: Sixteen...

Relative macroglossia has been identified in brachycephalic compared to mesaticephalic dogs. This study assessed the tongue volume comparing three common brachycephalic breeds, including 30 French bulldogs, 30 pugs, and 15 English bulldogs. Computed tomography scans of intubated dogs with the hard...

A dog presented 16 hours after an acute onset of severe generalized lingual swelling from an unknown cause. The dog had recently chewed a deer carcass. Initial physical examination and diagnostic testing did not reveal an underlying cause, and supportive care was provided. After 16 hours of...

Dogs presenting with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome suffer from multilevel obstruction of the airway as well as secondary structural collapse. Stenotic nares, aberrant turbinates, nasopharyngeal collapse, soft palate hyperplasia, macroglossia, tonsillar hypertrophy, laryngeal collapse,...

Brachycephalic breeds have congenital anatomical features that contribute to the development of respiratory distress syndrome. These congenital abnormalities (stenosis of the nasal cavities. aberrant conformation of the nasal turbinates, macroglossia, elongation and thickening of the soft palate,...

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease caused by a mutation or deletion of the dystrophin, protein which is expressed through a recessive gene associated to X chromosome. The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) canine model serves to new alternatives of therapies and to test...

The larvae of the moths Thaumetopoea processionea and Thaumetopoea pityocampa, better known as pine processionary caterpillars, are by now well established in western Europe and present a danger to humans and dogs due to the toxin thaumetopoein in the caterpillar's hair. A 10-year-old female dog...

Several mammals, including dogs, have been successfully cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but the efficiency of generating normal, live offspring is relatively low. Although the high failure rate has been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei during the...

The anatomical study describes the normal aspects of the conformation of a certain species, that is, the characteristics that occur with high frequency in this. In this way, when an event occurs in most individuals of a species, it is considered as normal. Although anatomical variations are also...

An eight-year-old neutered female rabbit was brought into the practice for examination because of a wet skin eczema with alopecia on the chin and neck, extending down to the chest. The animal also was suffering from weight loss. Hypersalivation was noticed during the first examination of the head...