Background: Melatonin is a hormone produced and secreted primarily by the pineal gland and mainly metabolised in the liver. Increased melatonin concentrations have been reported in human cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome of neurological dysfunction. The pathogenesis of canine HE ...

Objective - To elucidate the relationship between plasma ammonia concentration and severity of hepatic encephalopathy and determine whether factors that precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in humans are associated with the presence of clinical signs of hepatic encephalopathy in dogs previously...

Objectives: Increased whole blood manganese concentrations have been reported in humans with primary liver disease. Due to the neurotoxic effects of manganese, altered manganese homeostasis has been linked to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Whole blood manganese concentrations are...

Hyperammonaemia is a common complication of liver disease in dogs. High concentrations of ammonia can be detrimental to dogs with liver disease for several reasons, notably by causing hepatic encephalopathy (HE) which describes the wide range of neurological abnormalities ranging from altered...

The intestinal microbiome of dogs can be influenced by a number of factors such as non-starch polysaccharides as well as some non-digestible oligo- and disaccharides. These molecules are only decomposed by intestinal anaerobic microbial fermentation, resulting in the formation of volatile fatty...

Gallbladder agenesis is a congenital malformation that is considered extremely rare in dogs. The disease can course asymptomatically or with clinical signs, usually non-specific and including vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, ascites, and lethargy. The objective of this report was to describe the...

Background: Congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) is one of the most common congenital disorders diagnosed in dogs. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication in dogs with a cPSS and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite HE been a major cause of morbidity in dogs with a...

Objective: To comparatively review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in dogs and cats. Data Sources: The Medline database was searched for articles related to HE in people, dogs, and cats. Articles published within the last 5 years...

Objective - To investigate clinical use of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) and to compare metabolic brain bioprofiles of dogs with and without hepatic encephalopathy. Animals - 6 dogs with hepatic encephalopathy and 12 control dogs. Procedures - Conventional MRI and single-voxel ¹H...

Zoe is a dog that was addressed to the nutritional consultant service with a diagnosis of chronic epatitis with acquired extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (PSS) complicated by hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Commonly, such cases are managed with dietetic commercial diets developed to supply a lower...