Water is essential for life. Without adequate fluid intake, normal body functioning becomes impaired and ultimately can lead to death. A fluid therapy plan should be considered for any small animal patient that has either inadequate fluid intake, excessive fluid loss, or both. A simplified approach ...

An understanding of acid-base and electrolyte chemistry and physiology is both an important and a valuable knowledge base for all veterinary technicians, and especially those in emergency and critical care or specialty practice. Assessment of acid-base status provides insight into three physiologic ...

This book contains 13 chapters on electrolytes; acid base physiology; sodium, chloride, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium disorders and their treatments and metabolic blood gas, respiratory acid-base and mixed acid-base disorders in cats and dogs.

Pyometra is a common disease in dogs with a hormonal etiology associated with a bacterial infection and leading to accumulation of uterine exudates. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances are complications that contribute to disease progression, worsening the condition of the patient, possibly...

This manuscript will review crystalloid (hypo-, iso-, and hyper-tonic) and colloid (synthetic and natural) fluids that are available for intravenous administration with a focus on their electrolyte, acid-base, colligative, and rheological effects as they relate to each solution's efficacy and...

The acid-base balance parameters (ABB) of blood are used in the diagnostics and therapy of acidosis or alkalosis type disorders. Nowadays, some reports on the attempts to use the body cavity fluid for the diagnostics of the ABB disorders have appeared in the human medicine. The study has aimed at...

The infusion of crystalloid fluids is a key element of a therapy in kidney dehydration and failure. Improperly selected fluid may cause dangerous consequences in the form of hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis. The authors aim at presenting the phenomenon of hyperchloremia, its complications and...

Chloride is the strongest of the major anions in the mammalian body. In conjunction with sodium and potassium, chloride aids in maintaining electroneutrality, serum osmolarity, and conduction of electrical impulses within the body. Chloride is an essential mineral in the diet and is metabolized by...

Electrolyte abnormalities can cause a variety of serious complications in our patients. The causes, complications, and treatments of potassium disorders will be the main focus of this chapter. Potassium concentrations play an important role in maintaining a proper acid-base status due to their...