Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), affecting human health in Europe and Asia. Reports on canine clinical cases of TBE are rare, although dogs are used as sentinels for assessing human health risks. The first canine clinical TBE case in Greece is reported in...

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin (MUO) is an umbrella term for a variety of subtypes of meningoencephalitis of dogs and cats with no identifiable infectious agent. In dogs, granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME), necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME), and necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE)...

Canine meningeo-encephalitis triggered many causes, some of them can be distinguished and others are invisible and have a great challenge with small animal clinicians. The present study was conducted to detect the common causes of meningeo-encephalitis among dogs that were admitted to the small...

Nocardia are ubiquitous, saprophytic and opportunistic bacteria. They cause a set of pyogenic clinical infections in animals and humans, particularly immunocompromised patients, mostly affecting the skin and respiratory tract, with refractoriness to conventional therapy. The most descriptions of...

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a biomarker of neuronal cell lysis, which demonstrates stability in extracellular fluids such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid. To the authors knowledge there is no research information comparing the use of NSE in dogs with and without encephalitis, putting in...

13 year-old male dog with complaints of fever, loss of appetite, stagnation as well as respiratory signs such as purulent nasal and eye discharge, cough and neurologic signs including apathy, ataxia, quadriplegia, muscular atrophy and myoclonus which admitted to the Animal Hospital of Faculty of...

The neurological form of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection can occur concurrently with systemic signs or develop following apparent recovery. There are no specific antiviral or immunomodulatory therapies recognized for treatment of CDV infections, and the neurological form typically carries...

The present study was aimed to detect canine distemper virus and study the histopathological changes in tissues of a dog affected with Canine Distemper. The tissue samples were confirmed for the presence of viral RNA with the partial L gene. The brain tissue revealed non suppurative encephalitis...

A semi owned, cross bred, mongrel, male dog aged 5 months was reported in the clinical complex of College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana with a history of inappetence, high fever and severe hemato-emesis but not vaccinated or...

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is produced by many cell types in situations of homeostasis or disease. One of its functions is to act as a proinflammatory molecule. In humans, several studies have shown that MIF levels become elevated in the serum,...