Background: Peripheral neuropathies result in sensory, motor or autonomic dysfunctions due to impairment of peripheral spinal or cranial nerves. Neoplasms such as lymphoma are cited as one of the many aetiological causes and it may affect the nerve directly, by compression, or indirectly...

A bilateral cranial polyneuropathy was the primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding in three medium to large breed dogs diagnosed with meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown etiology. All three dogs presented with a progressive history of vestibular ataxia with either central vestibular or...

A 5-year-old intact male Gascon Saintongeois dog was presented with a 6-month history of coughing, laryngeal paralysis, a deglutition disorder of gradual onset, and left-sided Horner's syndrome. The dog was admitted as an emergency for acute central vestibular signs. Magnetic resonance images...

Canine Distemper is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting dogs worldwide. The virus affects several organs, including the nervous system. The demyelinating leukoencephalomyelitis is the most frequent neurological presentation of Distemper. The neuropathological changes that occur...

A 6-year-4-month-old male entire Dalmatian was referred for acute onset ataxia, obtundation, head pressing, dropped jaw and vertical nystagmus. Neurological examination identified vestibular ataxia, positional left-sided ventrolateral strabismus, static vertical nystagmus, dropped jaw, ptyalism,...

Background: Albuminocytological dissociation (ACD) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is defined as an increased total protein concentration with normal total nucleated cell count. It is suspected to occur in diseases that alter the blood-brain barrier, increase the production of protein or obstruct...

Background: Trigeminal nerve is composed by ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular portion, presenting sensory and motor functions. Its most common conditions include vascular, neoplastic, infectious and inflammatory causes. Neuritis is an inflammation caused by a primary nerve injury that can...

A review on the neurophysiological aspects of the cranian nerves in dogs and cats was presented highlighting the correct interpretation of results in cases of wherein a correct diagnosis of brain injury and epilepsy is needed.

Spinal cord injury in companion dogs can lead to urinary and fecal incontinence or retention, depending on the severity, and localization of the lesion along the canine nervous system. The bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunction caused by lesions of the autonomic system can be difficult to...

CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old female Maltese crossbred dog was evaluated for a 6-week history of intermittent neurogenic pain of the left hindlimb. Six years prior to presentation, the dog had sustained left iliac and ischial fractures and a right femoral fracture following a motor vehicle accident....