Opioid derivatives are widely used in veterinary medicine for the provision of peri-operative pain relief. They are effective, safe and versatile analgesics with the potential to provide rapid onset analgesia after administration. They can be classed according to their receptor effects as full or...

Active or passive interactions with animals in animal-assisted interventions can be of great physical (reduction of hypertension, cardiac and circulatory troubles, muscle relaxation, pain relief etc.) and psychosocial (reduction of loneliness, fear and hostility, improvement of self-confidence)...