Adrenal disease is a common problem in dogs and MRI is increasingly being used as an adjunctive diagnostic test. To date, the MRI features of normal canine adrenal glands have only been reported using 1.5-Tesla (T) MRI. The aims of this prospective, methods-comparison, exploratory study were to...

The canine adrenal glands receive blood from the celiac artery, cranial mesenteric artery, caudal phrenic artery, cranial abdominal artery, phrenicoabdominal trunk, abdominal aorta, renal artery and lumbar artery. These are classified into three types: cranial, middle and caudal adrenal branches....

Differences of the size of the adrenal glands, in healthy dogs or in endocrinopathies, undermine correct diagnosis of endocrine disorders and evaluations of the adrenal cortex in relation to its size and possible correlation with endocrinopathies are rare. The aim of the present study was to...

Computed tomographic (CT) methods for quantifying adrenal size are helpful for identifying and directing management of adrenal disease in dogs. This retrospective, observational study aimed to use CT to determine anatomic landmarks associated with adrenal gland volume in dogs, and subsequently...

Hyperaldosteronism results from the excessive secretion of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid hormone produced in zona glomerulosa of the adrenal glands. This leads to the abnormality of electrolyte metabolism. In dogs, cats and humans, aldosteronism may be primary or secondary. In primary...

Hyperadrenocorticism is a relatively common endocrine disorder in dogs. It occurs as a result of a functional pituitary or adrenal tumour, although other causes have been rarely reported. Canine hyperadrenocorticism has been extensively described but diagnosing this disease remains challenging. Few ...

Ultrasonographic examination of the adrenal gland became a routine procedure in veterinary medicine. The improvement of the operator experience, anatomy knowledge and ultrasound equipment allowed a more systematic examination of the adrenal glands in dogs but also in cats. Compared with...

Background: Atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC) is considered when dogs have clinical signs of hypercortisolemia with normal hyperadrenocorticism screening tests. Hypothesis/Objectives: To compare cortisol concentrations and adrenal gland size among dogs with pituitary-dependent...

Endocrine tumors are found sporadically in both humans and animals. They originate from endocrine organs and diffuse neuroendocrine system. The present paper describes cases of tumors/hyperplasia in various endocrine glands in dogs. The material included canine corpses and biopsies brought for...