Macrorhabdusornithogaster is a microorganism that causes nonspecific and general clinical symptoms and to this day, diagnosis and also treatment have been yet hard. The present study was conducted to survey the prevalence of macrorhabdosis and to characterize M. ornithogaster phylogenetically in ...

Birds of the order Psittaciformes are among the most threatened birds in Brazil. Of the 86 species recorded, 24 (27.9%) are in the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. Amazon parrots have a highlight for being among the most trafficked birds, especially the blue-fronted Amazon ...

Parrots are charismatic birds, their plumage and capacity for learning make them highly sought-after pets. In recent years, the illegal trade in parrots has posed a serious threat to the viability of native populations. To reduce the logistical difficulties associated with trafficking live birds,...

Blood parrot cichlid, a hybrid of Amphilophus citrinellus (?) and Paraneetroplus synspilus (?), is among the most popular ornamental fishes globally. In this study, three cell lines were established from brain, spleen, and heart tissues of the blood parrot cichlid using explant method and these...

The commercial farming and trading of parrots and ornamental birds as companion animals are important economic activities in many countries. Some of the bird species farmed/traded are captured from the wild or are closely related to wild birds and therefore represent a risk of pathogen...

South America presents the greatest Psittacidae diversity in the world, but also has the highest numbers of threatened parrot species. Recently, exotic viruses have been detected in captive native psittacine birds in Brazil, however, their impacts on the health of wild parrots are still unknown. We ...

There are several viral diseases in captive birds. Aves polyomavirus 1 (APyV) and beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) are among the most important in Psittaciformes. The occurrence of these agents has been widely described in various parts of the world; however, little is known about these...

This study sought to clone and sequence the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) gene of the Fischer's lovebird parrot (Agapornis fischeri). Raw264.7 cells treated with the expressed IFN-γ protein exhibited an upregulation in inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression and nitric oxide (NO) production...

Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have been reported as causes of morbidity and mortality in free-living animal populations, including turtles and tortoises, and they have even resulted in species extinctions, with human activities contributing to the spread of many of these diseases. In the...

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases, especially in warm and humid areas, and affects all mammals, including humans and many herbivores and carnivores. The present study investigated the Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) parasite in tortoises for the first time in Iraq using...