The dromedary camel is mainly found in the tropics of Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian sub-content, where it is of great importance to nomadic and rural communities to provide high-quality animal protein in the form of milk and meat and as a means of transportation. In the Arabian Gulf...

One of the ways live animals are used by humans is to perform work. The muscular strength of bovids, equids, camelids, and other animals has been widely used to perform activities associated with agriculture, transport, and tourism. At the end of their working lives, these same animals are often...

In mix crop livestock systems, farmers derive their livelihoods using natural resources based strategies and off farm income. In these system livestock is both a source of food, fiber cash income and draught power valued in agricultural production and transport. Using the sustainable livelihood...

Dogs exhibit behavioural heterogeneity as a result of their close proximity to people as pets, working animals, or research animals. This variability stems from their natural talents as well as contextual effects. This document examines the several types of dog behavioural tests, including those...

The aim of this study is to explore how tourism operators make sense of the abilities and needs of working animals during the co-creation of a tourism experience in order to make kin across species. We refer to sense-making as the process in which tourism actors interpret the context, plans,...

Working animals, mainly equids, camelids and bovids, are draught animals that perform transport and traction activities. In developed countries technological development has resulted in animal power being minimised, however, in developing countries most agricultural operations are still being...

This study measured the responses of dogs to signals delivered via hand and voice signals. The study sought to determine whether dogs would display differential stimulus control when switching from a compound stimulus (auditory-visual) cue to presentation of only one of its elements. Twelve dogs...

Many donkeys are now kept as pets rather than working animals. This means they often live longer, with many now reaching 20-years-old and being classed as geriatric. These donkeys often require specialist treatment and management, as they are prone to certain conditions such as dental disease and...

The study aims to establish some basic morphometric indices in the local donkey population in Bulgaria. The study included 198 donkeys raised in different parts of the country. Despite the greatly reduced number of donkeys in recent decades, interest in them is beginning to revive. Their use as ...