The structure and function of cecal microbiota following the consumption of a zinc (Zn) biofortified wheat diet was evaluated in a well-studied animal model of human nutrition (Gallus gallus) during a six-week efficacy trial. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a significant increase in β- but not...

Small extracellular vesicles (sMEVs) from bovine milk are studied for delivering therapeutics. Here, we estimated sMEV bioavailability of an oral dose of sMEVs. Bovine sMEVs were labeled covalently with HiLyte™ 750 (MEV-750) and administered by oral gavage to C57BL/6J mice. Plasma, urine, feces,...

Female athletes follow a strict diet and perform rigorous exercise to boost their performance, which induces health issues called the female athlete triad (FAT), defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhoea and low bone mineral density. It is known to have a significant effect on...

To get the most accurate food digestion-related data, and how this affects nutrient absorption, it is critical to carefully simulate human digestion systems using model settings. In this study, the uptake and transepithelial transportation of dietary carotenoids was compared using two different...

D-allulose, a fructose isomer with almost zero calories, has been widely used as a food ingredient that is generally recognized as safe. In recent studies, D-allulose has been shown to alleviate some diseases via restoration of the intestinal barrier. To better understand the role of D-allulose in...

Dietary fiber improves metabolic health, but host-encoded mechanisms for digesting fibrous polysaccharides are unclear. In this work, we describe a mammalian adaptation to dietary chitin that is coordinated by gastric innate immune activation and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase). Chitin...

Objective: This study was conducted to explore the effects and possible mechanisms of citric acid and acetic acid on the contraction of isolated mouse intestinal smooth muscle, and to provide references for the development of organic acid products that helps regulate gastrointestinal motility...

In a recent article, He et al. report that, in response to dietary protein antigens, mouse intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) accumulate a newfound 13-kDa N terminus of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N13), cleaved by caspase-3/7. Unlike the pyroptotic 30-kDa fragment, GSDMD-N13 translocates to the nucleus,...

Ellagitannins (ETs) are a large group of bioactive compounds found in plant-source foods, such as pomegranates, berries, and nuts. The consumption of ETs has often been associated with positive effects on many pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes, and cancer....

The role of the gut microbiota in determining body fatness has been a prominent area of research and has received significant public attention. Based largely on animal studies, recent attempts to translate these findings into interventions in humans have not been successful. This review will...