Obesity is a modern pandemic with negative consequences in women's reproductive health. Women with overweight and obesity can develop mammary gland alterations that unable exclusive breastfeeding. Obesity associates with a disturbed lactating mammary gland endocrine environment including a...

The increasing incidence of food allergy remains a significant public health concern. Food allergy is partially due to a lack, or loss of tolerance to food allergens. Clinical outcomes surrounding early life practices, such as breastfeeding, antibiotic use and food allergen exposure, indicate the...

The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a three-layer membrane structure that surrounds milk fat globules. The structure of fat globules in cow milk-based and soy-based infant formulas, lacking MFGM, is quite different from that in human milk. Therefore, addition of exogenous MFGM and preparation...

Infants born preterm are at a high risk of both gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and neurodevelopmental impairment. While the link between early dysbiosis and short-term clinical outcomes is well established, the relationship with long-term infant health has only recently gained interest. Notably,...

Exosomes (EVs) are extracellular phospholipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 30 to 150 nm. It is reported that many types of cells, tissues and biological fluids can secrete exosomes, including blood, urine, milk, tears and cerebrospinal fluid. Breast milk is an irreplaceable nutrition for...

Probiotics are living microorganisms that have a positive impact on the health of their hosts. The content of milk varies depending on the animal from which it comes, to give the proper pace of growth and development for that young species hence, human milk is clearly superior to cow's milk for...

Xanthan gum (E 415) was re-evaluated in 2017 by the former EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food. As a follow-up to that assessment, the Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) was requested to assess the safety of xanthan gum (E 415) for its uses as a food additive...

This study aims to evaluate the in vitro gastrointestinal lipolysis and proteolysis of milk using a dynamic digestion simulation of infants and a static digestion simulation of adults following INFOGEST 2.0. Human breast milk and cow milk were used as substrates in our two models to evaluate their...

Infants are frequently supplemented with iron to prevent iron deficiency, but iron supplements may have adverse effects on infant health. Although iron supplements can be highly effective at improving iron status and preventing iron deficiency anemia, iron may adversely affect growth and...

Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on oral tolerance (OT) development in allergy-prone infants is less known. Objectives We aim to determine the effects of early life DHA supplementation (1% of total fat, from novel canola oil), along with AA, on OT toward ovalbumin...