Female athletes follow a strict diet and perform rigorous exercise to boost their performance, which induces health issues called the female athlete triad (FAT), defined as the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhoea and low bone mineral density. It is known to have a significant effect on...

Salt ingestion by animals and humans has been noted from prehistory. The search for salt is largely driven by a physiological need for sodium. There is a large body of literature on sodium intake in laboratory rats, but the vast majority of this work has used male rats. The limited work conducted...

Background and Aim: Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a protocol widely used to create an animal model of depression with food deprivation, water deprivation, and physical-dominant stressors as routine procedures. However, human depression mainly involves psychological stressors and does...

Relationships between diet, sex hormone concentrations, and the estrous cycle are important from the perspective of infertility and estrogen-dependent disease prevention and treatment. Four dietary interventions reflecting modern eating behaviors were explored. The study involved 50 female rats...

Due to the low cost of production and the strong evolutionary preference for sweet taste in humans, sugar is added to many food products. This leads to often involuntary overconsumption of high amounts of sugar. Yet, growing evidence indicates that high-sugar diets impact brain function and impair...

Sulfur-containing amino acids are integral part of molecular mechanisms which underlie many aspects of cellular function and homeostasis, facilitated by reversible changes in oxidation states of sulfur atoms. Dysregulation of these pathways is associated with diverse pathologies, notably of the...

Background: In this study, wistar rats were used to examine the impact of diet consistency on maxillary and mandibular growth over three generations. Methods: In this investigation, a breeding sample of 60 female and 8 male wistar rats was used. Measuring was only performed on female animals. The...

We previously reported that female rats placed on a diet containing refined carbohydrates (HCD) resulted in obesity and reproductive abnormalities, such as high serum LH concentration and abnormal ovarian function. However, the impacts at the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) function, specifically...

Labile copper(II) ions (Cu²⁺) in serum are considered to be readily available for cellular uptake and to constitute the biologically active Cu²⁺ species in the blood. It might also be suitable to reflect copper dyshomeostasis during diseases such as Wilson's disease (WD) or neurological disorders....

This longitudinal study investigated developmental changes in jaw-closing muscle activities during ingestive behaviors in rats.On postnatal day (P) 10, electromyography (EMG) electrodes were inserted into the masseter and temporalis muscles of rat pups. EMG activities were recorded for the...