Introduction: An increased incidence of metabolic syndrome has been observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. In contrast, gut dysbiosis is involved in various pathogeneses, including vascular endothelial disorders. Organic acids, including short-chain fatty acids...

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is an endocrine disorder that will affect, about 693 million adults by 2045 worldwide, (>50% increase from 2017). The conventional treatment of the disease, include the oral hypoglycemic drugs which are given in combination with other drugs and are known to possess...

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The progression of DKD is often marked by heightened renal fibrosis due to hindered fatty acid oxidation within renal tubules. Baicalin (BA), a naturally derived compound, has exhibited the potential to...

Background: Obesity is one of the critical risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. Alisma orientale has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, whereas its effects and underlying...

Although endolysin (lysin), a muralytic enzyme of bacteriophages, has emerged as a promising antibacterial agent, its use against Gram-negative bacteria is challenging due to the presence of an outer membrane (OM) that acts as a physical barrier. To overcome this limitation, it is crucial to...

This study investigated the potential of garlic polysaccharides (GPs) from garlic pomace as iron carriers. The obtained GP-Fe (III) complexes had a higher molecular weight (5646 Da) and more fructose (90.46%) than the GPs did and contained 9.7% Fe (III). GPs were mainly composed of (→ 2)-β-d-Fruf...

Nitrated fatty acids are important anti-inflammatory and protective lipids formed in the gastric compartment, with conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid, RA, 9Z,11E-18:2) being the primary substrate for lipid nitration. The recently reported identification of nitrated rumelenic acid (NO₂-RLA) in...

In this study, we prepared phosphatidylcholine (PC)-EGCG complex nanoparticles (P-E NPs) by solvent reflux method. The physicochemical properties, in vitro digestion, uptake in Caco-2 cells, and bidirectional permeability of P-E NPs were systematically investigated. The constructed P-E_1.5:1 NPs had ...

A self-assembled peptides-calcium-Vitamin D₃ ternary delivery system (CSPH-Ca-VD₃) was prepared to investigate the promotion of cellular calcium transport. The constructed CSPH-Ca-VD₃ nanocomplex exhibited a spherical structure with a size of 135.2 ± 10.2 nm. Based on the thermodynamic calculation...

The present study addresses the knowledge gap in betalain bioavailability, transformation and excretion. Analysis of renal and fecal excretion profiles in humans after consumption of beetroot revealed very low bioavailability (renal recovery of 0.13%) and fast elimination of pigments (renal...