The drinking water of sports athletes was collected and real-time PCR was used, QPCR, filmplate TM Salmonella, filmplate TM E.coli O157 and enzyme substrate method were used to quantitatively detect pathogenic microorganisms (Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli O157) and coliforms in the...

In high-performance competitive activities, there can be intense and prolonged exposure to water during swim-ming components of the competition. Therefore, water quality assessments with reference to standards are desirable to ensure athletes' health. We evaluated whether the official criteria...

Objective: To analyze factors for a postoperative infection after treatment of a sports- related ankle fracture in order to guide the clinical prevention of infections. Methods: Clinical data on 340 patients who were treated for a sports-related ankle fracture were collected, and pathogens were...

Infections caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are associated with poor health outcomes and are recognised globally as a serious health problem. Much research has been conducted on the transmission of ARB to humans. Yet the role the natural environment plays in the spread of ARB and...

Recent years have seen an increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall and subsequent flooding across the world. Climate change models predict that such flooding will become more common, triggering sewer overflows, potentially with increased risks to human health. In August 2010, a triathlon ...

Purpose of Review: Mass gatherings (MGs) are characterized by a high concentration of people at a specific time and location. Infectious diseases are of particular concern at MGs. The aim of this review was to summarize findings in the field of infectious diseases with a variety of pathogens...

About 25 golf courses in Ontario, Canada have environmental compliance approvals to use reclaimed water for irrigation, where disinfection is confirmed through E. coli limits. A previous study at five Ontario municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) confirmed that enteric viruses are less...

Background: Swimming pools are places for practicing sports, recreation, relaxation, and socialization. However, swimming pools can expose swimmers to physicochemical and microbiological risks. Accordingly, we studied the environmental health aspects and microbial infections for such recreational...

Knowledge of pathogen removal in stormwater biofilters (also known as stormwater bioretention systems or rain gardens) has predominately been determined using bacterial indicators, and the removal of reference pathogens in these systems has rarely been investigated. Furthermore, current...

Water shortage is one of the most worrisome issues around the globe, especially with the increase in the human population. Nowadays, attention has been drawn towards the reuse of greywater because of its large volume and low contaminants. In the present research, greywater samples were collected...