Introduction: Compared to anti-doping research in Olympic sport, the issue of doping is under-researched and poorly understood in Paralympic sport. However, with the growth of the Paralympic Games and the increased number of disabled elite athletes, the number of doping controls and doping cases...

Background. Although literature on sports psychology outlines parental influence in various areas, research has not focused on its potential in the framework of doping. Objective. To assess whether parents' knowledge about doping effects, and their behaviour and beliefs might act as a protecting...

Research investigating the use of performance-enhancing substances (PES) in recreational sports is underrepresented. Studies examining this specific group are needed to elucidate prevalence of use, and to define factors that motivate or predict use. The aim of the current research was to evaluate...

Geographical regions possess distinct sporting cultures that can influence athletic development from a young age. The United States (US) and Austria both produce elite alpine ski racers, yet have distinct sport structures (i.e., funding, skiing prominence). In this exploratory study, we...

This study examines the value of professional winter sports to the Austrian resident population in the context of three major sporting events (the 2017 World Championships in Alpine Skiing, the 2018 Winter Olympics, and the 2019 World Championships in Nordic Skiing). In nationwide population...

Background: New regulations for ski equipment were implemented prior to the 2012/2013 season in the International Ski Federation (FIS) Alpine World Cup (WC). Objective To investigate the effect of the new ski regulations on the rate and pattern of injuries by comparing data before (2006-2012) and...

Background: Data on the injury and illness risk among young elite athletes are of utmost importance, because injuries and illnesses can counter the beneficial effects of sports participation at a young age, if children or adolescents are unable to continue to participate because of residual...

During mega-sport events, such as FIFA World Cup or Olympic Games, Fan Fests and other public viewing events have been developed as an innovative value proposition for watching sports. Those events attract millions of sport spectators worldwide. Event organizers have already realized the...

This collection of essays explores the symbolic meanings that have been attached to sport in Europe by considering some of the mythical heroes who have dominated the sporting landscapes of their own countries. Examples from Germany, France, the UK, Italy, and Austria cover a range of sports...

In the current study we questioned the impact of uniform color in boxing, taekwondo and wrestling. On 18 photos showing two athletes competing, the hue of each uniform was modified to blue, green or red. For each photo, six color conditions were generated (blue-red, blue-green, green-red and vice...