Introduction: Compared to anti-doping research in Olympic sport, the issue of doping is under-researched and poorly understood in Paralympic sport. However, with the growth of the Paralympic Games and the increased number of disabled elite athletes, the number of doping controls and doping cases...

Background. Although literature on sports psychology outlines parental influence in various areas, research has not focused on its potential in the framework of doping. Objective. To assess whether parents' knowledge about doping effects, and their behaviour and beliefs might act as a protecting...

Golf is a very popular outdoor sport played worldwide by people from various socioeconomic backgrounds. During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns and quarantine restrictions led to closures of indoor and outdoor sport facilities and thus also affected the access to golf courses. This study aimed at...

Research investigating the use of performance-enhancing substances (PES) in recreational sports is underrepresented. Studies examining this specific group are needed to elucidate prevalence of use, and to define factors that motivate or predict use. The aim of the current research was to evaluate...

Geographical regions possess distinct sporting cultures that can influence athletic development from a young age. The United States (US) and Austria both produce elite alpine ski racers, yet have distinct sport structures (i.e., funding, skiing prominence). In this exploratory study, we...

The COVID-19 crisis and the related nationwide lockdowns reduced the available types of physical activity, especially in the winter season. Besides closed indoor sports facilities, some outdoor sports were also inaccessible because of curfews and/or the closure of outdoor sports facilities....

This study examines the value of professional winter sports to the Austrian resident population in the context of three major sporting events (the 2017 World Championships in Alpine Skiing, the 2018 Winter Olympics, and the 2019 World Championships in Nordic Skiing). In nationwide population...

Background: New regulations for ski equipment were implemented prior to the 2012/2013 season in the International Ski Federation (FIS) Alpine World Cup (WC). Objective To investigate the effect of the new ski regulations on the rate and pattern of injuries by comparing data before (2006-2012) and...

Background: Data on the injury and illness risk among young elite athletes are of utmost importance, because injuries and illnesses can counter the beneficial effects of sports participation at a young age, if children or adolescents are unable to continue to participate because of residual...

Background: The Mass Participation Sporting Events (MPSE) have multiplied throughout the 20th century, consolidating themselves as an important socio-cultural phenomenon in the contemporary society. In this sense, the gymnastics festivals have been an integral part of the gymnastics community...