African swine fever virus
Index
Don't need the entire report?
Generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need.
Generate reportPictures
Top of pageIdentity
Top of pagePreferred Scientific Name
- African swine fever virus (Murphy et al., 1995)
English acronym
- ASFV
Taxonomic Tree
Top of page- Domain: Virus
- Group: "ssDNA viruses"
- Group: "DNA viruses"
- Order: Caudovirales
- Family: Asfarviridae
- Genus: Asfivirus
- Species: African swine fever virus
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 21 Dec 2021Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa |
|||||||
Algeria | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Angola | Absent | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Benin | Present | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Botswana | Absent | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Burkina Faso | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Burundi | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Cabo Verde | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Central African Republic | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Chad | Present, Localized | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Congo, Democratic Republic of the | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Congo, Republic of the | Present, Localized | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Côte d'Ivoire | Present | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Djibouti | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Egypt | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Eritrea | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Eswatini | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Ethiopia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Gambia | Present | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Ghana | Present | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Guinea-Bissau | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Kenya | Present | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Lesotho | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Liberia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Libya | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Madagascar | Present | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Malawi | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Mali | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Mauritius | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Mayotte | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Mozambique | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Namibia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Niger | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Nigeria | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Réunion | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Rwanda | Absent | Jan-Jun-2018 | |||||
Saint Helena | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
São Tomé and Príncipe | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Senegal | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Seychelles | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Sierra Leone | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Somalia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
South Africa | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Sudan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Tanzania | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Togo | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Tunisia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Uganda | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Zambia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Zimbabwe | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Asia |
|||||||
Afghanistan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Armenia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Azerbaijan | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Bahrain | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Bangladesh | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Bhutan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Brunei | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Cambodia | Present | ||||||
China | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Georgia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Hong Kong | Present | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
India | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Indonesia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Iran | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Iraq | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Israel | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Japan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Jordan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Kazakhstan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Kuwait | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Kyrgyzstan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Laos | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Lebanon | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Malaysia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
-Peninsular Malaysia | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
-Sabah | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
-Sarawak | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Maldives | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Mongolia | Present, Localized | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Myanmar | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Nepal | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
North Korea | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Oman | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Palestine | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Philippines | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Qatar | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Saudi Arabia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Singapore | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
South Korea | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Sri Lanka | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Syria | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Taiwan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Tajikistan | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Thailand | Absent | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Turkey | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Turkmenistan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
United Arab Emirates | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Uzbekistan | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Vietnam | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Yemen | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2020 | |||||
Europe |
|||||||
Albania | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Andorra | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Austria | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Belarus | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Belgium | Present | Jan-Jun-2020; in wild animals only | |||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Bulgaria | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Croatia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Cyprus | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Czechia | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Denmark | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Estonia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Faroe Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Finland | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
France | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Germany | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Greece | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Hungary | Present | Jul-Dec-2020; in wild animals only | |||||
Iceland | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Ireland | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Isle of Man | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Italy | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2020; in wild animals only | |||||
-Sardinia | Present | ||||||
Jersey | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Latvia | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Liechtenstein | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Lithuania | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Luxembourg | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Malta | Absent | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Moldova | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Montenegro | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Netherlands | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
North Macedonia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Norway | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Poland | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Portugal | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Romania | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Russia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
San Marino | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Serbia | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Slovakia | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Slovenia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Spain | Absent | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Sweden | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Switzerland | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Ukraine | Present, Localized | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
United Kingdom | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
-Northern Ireland | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
North America |
|||||||
Bahamas | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Barbados | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Belize | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Bermuda | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
British Virgin Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Canada | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Cayman Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Costa Rica | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Cuba | Absent | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Curaçao | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Dominica | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Dominican Republic | Absent | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
El Salvador | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Greenland | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Guadeloupe | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Guatemala | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Haiti | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Honduras | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Jamaica | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Martinique | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Mexico | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Nicaragua | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Panama | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Saint Kitts and Nevis | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
Saint Lucia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Trinidad and Tobago | Absent, No presence record(s) | ||||||
United States | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Oceania |
|||||||
Australia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Cook Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Federated States of Micronesia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Fiji | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
French Polynesia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Kiribati | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2018 | |||||
Marshall Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
New Caledonia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
New Zealand | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Palau | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Papua New Guinea | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Samoa | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Timor-Leste | Present | Jul-Dec-2020 | |||||
Tonga | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Vanuatu | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
South America |
|||||||
Argentina | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Bolivia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Brazil | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Chile | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Colombia | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Ecuador | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Falkland Islands | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
French Guiana | Absent | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Guyana | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2018 | |||||
Paraguay | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Peru | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Suriname | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 | |||||
Uruguay | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jul-Dec-2019 | |||||
Venezuela | Absent, No presence record(s) | Jan-Jun-2019 |
Pathogen Characteristics
Top of pageAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large enveloped virus containing a double stranded (ds) DNA of approximately 190 kilobase pairs. ASFV shares aspects of genome structure and replication strategy with other large dsDNA viruses, including the Poxviridae, Iridoviridae. Although initially classified as an iridovirus, based largely on virion morphology, increasing knowledge of ASFV molecular biology led to its reclassification as the sole member of a new DNA virus family, Asfarviridae (Dixon et al., 2005).
Virus particles have an average diameter of 200 nm (Breese and DeBoer, 1966) and are formed by several concentric coats with an external membrane which has a hexagonal outline. The DNA is double stranded; between 170 and 190 kbp, depending on the isolate. A conserved central region, of about 125 kbp is observed, but the ends of the stranded DNA are variable (Blasco et al., 1989) and the terminal areas show inverted repetitions (Sogo et al., 1984).
The complete DNA sequence of ASFV, isolate BA71v was reported by Yánez et al. (1995). This isolate was shown to be 170,101 nucleotides long, containing 151 open-reading frames and encoding five multigene families.
Twenty-eight structural proteins have been identified in intracellular virus particles (Tabares et al., 1980) and 110 infectious proteins have been described in pig-infected macrophages, of which at least 50 have been shown to react with sera from infected or recovered pigs (Alcaraz et al., 1992). Some of these proteins (VP 73, VP 54, VP 30, VP 12) are very antigenic and are used as antigens for diagnostic techniques, but unfortunately no protection appears to be induced by them (Sanchez-Vizcaino, 1999).
ASFV replicates predominantly in monocytes and macrophage cells (Malmquist and Hay 1960; Mínguez et al., 1988). Virus replication has also been observed in: endothelial cells (Wilkinson and Wardley, 1978), hepatocytes, renal tubular epithelial cells (Gomez-Villamandos et al., 1995) and neutrophils (Carrasco et al., 1996). No infection has been described in T or B porcine lymphocytes (Mínguez et al., 1988; Gomez-Villamandos et al., 1995). ASFV has also been adapted to grow in several stable cell lines such as VERO, MS and CV (Hess et al., 1965).
ASFV is very resistant to low temperatures but a temperature of 56ºC for 70 minutes or 60ºC for 20 minutes can inactivate it. It is inactivated at a pH of less than 3.9, or more than 11.5, in serum-free medium; when serum or organic matter is presented resistance is increased. The ASFV is also susceptible to inactivation by ether and choloroform and to several disinfectants such as sodium hydroxide, hypochlorites, chlorine, formalin, orthophenylphenol and iodine compounds.
ASFV remains viable for long periods in blood, faeces and tissues. It may persist for several weeks or months in frozen or uncooked meat. In products prepared by curing (such as Parma ham), infectivity was not demonstrated in ham after 300 days of processing and curing (McKercher et al., 1987). In Spanish dry-cured meat products such as Serrano hams and Iberian hams and shoulder, the virus survives for 140 days in hams and for 112 days in loin meat (Mebus et al., 1993).
ASFV can remain in an infectious state in the vector Ornithodoros ticks for months or occasionally years.
Disease(s) associated with this pathogen is/are on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). Please see the AHPC library for further information from OIE, including the International Animal Health Code and the Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Also see the website: www.oie.int.
Host Animals
Top of pageAnimal name | Context | Life stage | System |
---|---|---|---|
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni | Wild host | ||
Phacochoerus aethiopicus | Wild host | ||
Phacochoerus africanus | Wild host | ||
Potamochoerus larvatus | Wild host | ||
Potamochoerus porcus | Wild host | ||
Sus scrofa (pigs) |
Vectors and Intermediate Hosts
Top of pageVector | Source | Reference | Group | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ornithodoros coriaceus | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros erraticus | Tick | Gibraltar; Portugal; Spain | ||
Ornithodoros erraticus erraticus | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros moubata | Tick | Central Africa; Southern Africa; West Africa | ||
Ornithodoros moubata moubata | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros moubata porcinus | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros parkeri | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros puertoricensis | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Tick | ||
Ornithodoros savignyi | Tick | Africa | ||
Simulium damnosum | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Insect | ||
Simulium exiguum | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Insect | ||
Stomoxys calcitrans | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | Insect | ||
Triatoma gerstaeckeri | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 | |||
Triatoma infestans | MINED DATA; 16/11/01 14:00:0 |
References
Top of pageAlcaraz C, Alvarez A, Escribano JM, 1992. Flow cytometric analysis of African swine fever virus-induced plasma membrane proteins and their humoral immune response in infected pigs. Virology (New York), 189(1):266-273; 42 ref
Breese S, De Boer CJ, 1966. Electron microscope observation of Africa swine fever virus in tissue culture cells. Virology, 28:420-428
Dixon L. K., Escribano J. M., Martins C., Rock D. L., Salas M. L., Wilkinson P. J., 2005. Asfarviridae. In: Virus taxonomy. VIIIth Report of the ICTV, [ed. by Fauquet, C. M. , Mayo, M. A. , Maniloff, J. , Desselberger, U., Ball, L. A.]. London, UK: Elsevier/Academic Press. 135-143.
FAO, 2019. GIEWS Update. East and Southeast Asia - African Swine Fever is rapidly spreading in East and Southeast Asia threatening food security and livelihoods of households relying on pig farming, 2 July 2019. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.http://www.fao.org/3/ca5273en/ca5273en.pdf
Gomez-Villamandos J, Hervas J, Mendez A, Carrasco L, Villeda C, Wilkinson P, Sierra M, 1995. Experimental African swine fever: apoptosis of lymphocytes and virus replication in other cells. J. Gen. Virol., 76:2399-2405
Hess WL, Cox BF, Heuschele WP, Stone SS, 1965. Propagation and modification of African swine fever virus in cell cultures. Am. J. Vet. Res., 26:141-146
Le, V. P. , Jeong, D. G., Yoon, S. W., Kwon, H. M. , Trinh, T. B. N., Nguyen, T. L. , Bui, T. T. N. , Oh, J., Kim, J. B. , Cheong, K. M. , Van Tuyen, N., Bae, E., Vu, T. T. H. , Yeom, M., Na, W., Song, D., 2019. Outbreak of African Swine Fever, Vietnam, 2019. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 27(7), 1433-1435. doi: 10.3201/eid2507.190303
Malmquist WA, Hay D, 1960. Hemadsorption and cytophathic effect produced by African swine fever virus in swine bone marrow and buffy coat cultures. Am. J. Vet. Res., 21:104-108
Murphy F, Fauquet C, Bishop D, Ghabrial S, Harvis A, Martinelli G, Mayo M, Summer M, 1995. Virus taxonomy. Sixth report of the International Committee on taxonomy of viruses. Archives of Virology, Suplement 10
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties
OIE, 2005. African swine fever in Namibia. Follow-up report No. 1. Disease Information, 18(1)
OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health.http://www.oie.int
OIE, 2012. World Animal Health Information Database. Version 2. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health.http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Wahidhome/Home
OIE, 2019. African swine fever, Myanmar, (Immediate notification). In: OIE World Animal Health Information System. Weekly Disease Information, 32(33) . Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health.https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31365
OIE, 2019. African swine fever, Philippines, (Immediate notification). In: OIE World Animal Health Information System. Weekly Disease Information, 32(37) . Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health .https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31677
Sanchez-Vizcaino JM, 1999. African swine fever. In: Leman AD, Straw BE, Mengeling WL, Dallaire S, Taylor DJ, eds. Diseases of swine. 8th edition. Iowa State University
Sogo JM, Almendral JM, Talavera A, Vinuela E, 1984. Terminal and internal inverted repetitions in African swine fever virus DNA. Virology, 133(2):271-275; 14 ref
Tabares E, Marcotegui MA, Fernandez M, Sanchez Botija C, 1980. Proteins specified by African swine fever virus I. Analysis of viral structural proteins and antigenic properties. Arch. Virol., 66:107-117
Wilkinson PJ, Wardley RC, 1978. The replication of ASFV in pig endothelial cells. Br. Vet. J., 134:280-282
Distribution References
CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI
FAO, 2019. GIEWS Update. East and Southeast Asia - African Swine Fever is rapidly spreading in East and Southeast Asia threatening food security and livelihoods of households relying on pig farming, 2 July 2019. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/3/ca5273en/ca5273en.pdf
Le V P, Jeong D G, Yoon S W, Kwon H M, Trinh T B N, Nguyen T L, Bui T T N, Oh J, Kim J B, Cheong K M, Van Tuyen N, Bae E, Vu T T H, Yeom M, Na W, Song D, 2019. Outbreak of African Swine Fever, Vietnam, 2019. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (7), 1433-1435. DOI:10.3201/eid2507.190303
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2004)., Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int
OIE, 2012. World Animal Health Information Database. Version 2. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Wahidhome/Home
OIE, 2019. African swine fever, Myanmar, (Immediate notification). Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31365
OIE, 2019a. African swine fever, Philippines, (Immediate notification). Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. https://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Reviewreport/Review?page_refer=MapFullEventReport&reportid=31677
Distribution Maps
Top of pageSelect a dataset
Map Legends
-
CABI Summary Records
Map Filters
Unsupported Web Browser:
One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using.
Please consider upgrading your browser to the latest version or installing a new browser.
More information about modern web browsers can be found at http://browsehappy.com/