Invasive Species Compendium

Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide

Datasheet

Poaceae
(grasses)

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Datasheet

Poaceae (grasses)

Index

Summary

  • Last modified
  • 22 November 2019
  • Datasheet Type(s)
  • Host Plant
  • Preferred Scientific Name
  • Poaceae
  • Preferred Common Name
  • grasses
  • Taxonomic Tree
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •   Kingdom: Plantae
  •     Phylum: Spermatophyta
  •       Subphylum: Angiospermae
  •         Class: Monocotyledonae
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    Compendia
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    Wallingford
    Oxfordshire
    OX10 8DE
    UK
    compend@cabi.org

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Pictures

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PictureTitleCaptionCopyright
Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); seedheads.
TitleSeedheads
CaptionBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); seedheads.
CopyrightPublic Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Jose Hernandez
Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); seedheads.
SeedheadsBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); seedheads.Public Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Jose Hernandez
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit. This species forms dense stands, much like other annual colonizing grass species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
TitleInvasive habit
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit. This species forms dense stands, much like other annual colonizing grass species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit. This species forms dense stands, much like other annual colonizing grass species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
Invasive habitVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit. This species forms dense stands, much like other annual colonizing grass species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. The stamens protruding from each flower render a distinctive 'fuzzy' appearance to the inflorescence spike. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
TitleHabit
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. The stamens protruding from each flower render a distinctive 'fuzzy' appearance to the inflorescence spike. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. The stamens protruding from each flower render a distinctive 'fuzzy' appearance to the inflorescence spike. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
HabitPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. The stamens protruding from each flower render a distinctive 'fuzzy' appearance to the inflorescence spike. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, Montana, USA. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
TitleHabit
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, Montana, USA. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, Montana, USA. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
HabitAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, Montana, USA. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agrostis capillaris (common bent); habit. June, 2006.
TitleHabit
CaptionAgrostis capillaris (common bent); habit. June, 2006.
Copyright©Kristian Peters-2006/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 3.0
Agrostis capillaris (common bent); habit. June, 2006.
HabitAgrostis capillaris (common bent); habit. June, 2006.©Kristian Peters-2006/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 3.0
Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); spikelets.
TitleSpikelets
CaptionBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); spikelets.
CopyrightPublic Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Jose Hernandez
Bothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); spikelets.
SpikeletsBothriochloa ischaemum (yellow bluestem); spikelets.Public Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Jose Hernandez
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit, colonising disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, staight and wiry inflorescences branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing characteristics of the species. USA. September, 2011.
TitleInvasive habit
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit, colonising disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, staight and wiry inflorescences branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing characteristics of the species. USA. September, 2011.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit, colonising disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, staight and wiry inflorescences branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing characteristics of the species. USA. September, 2011.
Invasive habitVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); invasive habit, colonising disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, staight and wiry inflorescences branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing characteristics of the species. USA. September, 2011.©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. This introduced species forms dense stands especially in open dry areas in the montane forest zone. Gallatin, Montana, USA. August, 2009.
TitleHabit
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. This introduced species forms dense stands especially in open dry areas in the montane forest zone. Gallatin, Montana, USA. August, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. This introduced species forms dense stands especially in open dry areas in the montane forest zone. Gallatin, Montana, USA. August, 2009.
HabitPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. This introduced species forms dense stands especially in open dry areas in the montane forest zone. Gallatin, Montana, USA. August, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
TitleHabit and spikes
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
CopyrightPublic Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
Habit and spikesAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.Public Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); pulled plant. The long branches are stiff and wiry and mostly devoid of spikelets, which renders one of the common names 'wiregrass'. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
TitlePulled plant
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); pulled plant. The long branches are stiff and wiry and mostly devoid of spikelets, which renders one of the common names 'wiregrass'. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); pulled plant. The long branches are stiff and wiry and mostly devoid of spikelets, which renders one of the common names 'wiregrass'. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.
Pulled plantVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); pulled plant. The long branches are stiff and wiry and mostly devoid of spikelets, which renders one of the common names 'wiregrass'. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2008.©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. Timothy co-occurring with Tragopogon dubius, Lupinus argenteus, Helianthella uniflora, Artemisia ludoviciana, etc. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
TitleHabit
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. Timothy co-occurring with Tragopogon dubius, Lupinus argenteus, Helianthella uniflora, Artemisia ludoviciana, etc. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. Timothy co-occurring with Tragopogon dubius, Lupinus argenteus, Helianthella uniflora, Artemisia ludoviciana, etc. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
HabitPhleum pratense (timothy grass); habit. Timothy co-occurring with Tragopogon dubius, Lupinus argenteus, Helianthella uniflora, Artemisia ludoviciana, etc. Bozeman, Montana, USA. July, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
TitleHabit and spikes
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
CopyrightPublic Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.
Habit and spikesAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit and spikes. USA.Public Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome); close view of spikelets. ca.10km north of the Idaho National Labarotory. Idaho, USA. June 2010.
TitleSpikelets
CaptionBromus japonicus (Japanese brome); close view of spikelets. ca.10km north of the Idaho National Labarotory. Idaho, USA. June 2010.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2010/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Bromus japonicus (Japanese brome); close view of spikelets. ca.10km north of the Idaho National Labarotory. Idaho, USA. June 2010.
SpikeletsBromus japonicus (Japanese brome); close view of spikelets. ca.10km north of the Idaho National Labarotory. Idaho, USA. June 2010.©Prof Matt Lavin-2010/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); Vententata colonizes disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, straight and wiry inflorescence branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing. Nr. Boise, Idaho. September, 2011.
TitleInflorescence branches
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); Vententata colonizes disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, straight and wiry inflorescence branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing. Nr. Boise, Idaho. September, 2011.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); Vententata colonizes disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, straight and wiry inflorescence branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing. Nr. Boise, Idaho. September, 2011.
Inflorescence branchesVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); Vententata colonizes disturbed sites in open dry areas. The long, naked, straight and wiry inflorescence branches diverging at right angles are distinguishing. Nr. Boise, Idaho. September, 2011.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); inflorescences. The tight cylindrical arrangement of spikelets, combined with the short stout awns arising from each of the glume tips is diagnostic. Gallatin, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
TitleInflorescences
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); inflorescences. The tight cylindrical arrangement of spikelets, combined with the short stout awns arising from each of the glume tips is diagnostic. Gallatin, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); inflorescences. The tight cylindrical arrangement of spikelets, combined with the short stout awns arising from each of the glume tips is diagnostic. Gallatin, Montana, USA. July, 2009.
InflorescencesPhleum pratense (timothy grass); inflorescences. The tight cylindrical arrangement of spikelets, combined with the short stout awns arising from each of the glume tips is diagnostic. Gallatin, Montana, USA. July, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); single spike. USA.
TitleSpike
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); single spike. USA.
CopyrightPublic Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); single spike. USA.
SpikeAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); single spike. USA.Public Domain/released by USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Cassondra Skinner
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
TitleGlumes
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
GlumesVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); the stout awns from the glume tip renders a bristly flowering head.Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
TitleAwns
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); the stout awns from the glume tip renders a bristly flowering head.Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); the stout awns from the glume tip renders a bristly flowering head.Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
AwnsPhleum pratense (timothy grass); the stout awns from the glume tip renders a bristly flowering head.Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, showing drying seed heads. Montana, USA. August, 2009. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
TitleHabit
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, showing drying seed heads. Montana, USA. August, 2009. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, showing drying seed heads. Montana, USA. August, 2009. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).
HabitAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit, showing drying seed heads. Montana, USA. August, 2009. Much of what passes as Montana steppe (prairie) actually comprises mostly few grass species that withstand long histories of overstocking, such as Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass), Agropyron dasystachyum (thickspike wheatgrass), and Stipa comata (needle and thread grass).©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed); single spikelet. Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. April 2016.
TitleSpikelet
CaptionSporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed); single spikelet. Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. April 2016.
Copyright©Keith A Bradley-2016
Sporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed); single spikelet. Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. April 2016.
SpikeletSporobolus pyramidatus (whorled dropseed); single spikelet. Miami-Dade County, Florida, USA. April 2016.©Keith A Bradley-2016
Seeds of Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum
TitleSeeds
CaptionSeeds of Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum
CopyrightSteve Hurst/USDA NRCS PLANTS Database; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License.
Seeds of Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineum
SeedsSeeds of Japanese stiltgrass, Microstegium vimineumSteve Hurst/USDA NRCS PLANTS Database; This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License.
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
TitleGlumes
CaptionVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.
GlumesVentenata dubia (North Africa grass); seeds. The distinctly ribbed glumes and two florets per spikelet, where the upper is long-awned and disarticulates, are distinctive of this species. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2008.©Prof Matt Lavin-2008/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); The well developed ligule is conspicuous from most angles. Gallatin, Montana, USA. June, 2005.
TitleLigule
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); The well developed ligule is conspicuous from most angles. Gallatin, Montana, USA. June, 2005.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2005/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); The well developed ligule is conspicuous from most angles. Gallatin, Montana, USA. June, 2005.
LigulePhleum pratense (timothy grass); The well developed ligule is conspicuous from most angles. Gallatin, Montana, USA. June, 2005.©Prof Matt Lavin-2005/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. The flowering head or spikes are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
TitleSpikes
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. The flowering head or spikes are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. The flowering head or spikes are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
SpikesAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. The flowering head or spikes are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); the bulbous stem bases are covered with scaley leaves. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
TitleStem base
CaptionPhleum pratense (timothy grass); the bulbous stem bases are covered with scaley leaves. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Phleum pratense (timothy grass); the bulbous stem bases are covered with scaley leaves. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.
Stem basePhleum pratense (timothy grass); the bulbous stem bases are covered with scaley leaves. Bozeman, Montana, USA. September, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. Close view of the flowering head and spikes, which are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
TitleHabit
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. Close view of the flowering head and spikes, which are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
Copyright©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. Close view of the flowering head and spikes, which are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.
HabitAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); habit. Close view of the flowering head and spikes, which are distinctive in bearing widely diverging spikelets, separated by short internodes. Montana, USA. August, 2009.©Prof Matt Lavin-2009/Bozeman, Montana, USA - CC BY-SA 2.0
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); seeds. USA.
TitleSeeds
CaptionAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); seeds. USA.
CopyrightPublic Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Steve Hurst
Agropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); seeds. USA.
SeedsAgropyron cristatum (crested wheatgrass); seeds. USA.Public Domain - released by the USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database/Steve Hurst

Identity

Top of page

Preferred Scientific Name

  • Poaceae Juss.

Preferred Common Name

  • grasses

Other Scientific Names

  • Gramineae

International Common Names

  • English: cereals
  • Spanish: gramineas; yerbas
  • French: céréales; graminées
  • Portuguese: gramineas

Local Common Names

  • Germany: Graeser

EPPO code

  • GGGGG (Gramineae)

Taxonomic Tree

Top of page
  • Domain: Eukaryota
  •     Kingdom: Plantae
  •         Phylum: Spermatophyta
  •             Subphylum: Angiospermae
  •                 Class: Monocotyledonae
  •                     Order: Cyperales
  •                         Family: Poaceae

List of Pests

Top of page

Major host of:

Acarus siro (flour mite); Aeneolamia contigua (spotted spittlebug of pastures); Aeneolamia flavilatera (yellow-sided froghopper); Aeneolamia lepidior; Aeneolamia varia (froghopper); Agriotes lineatus (wireworm); Agriotes obscurus (dusky wire worm); Agromyza parvicornis (corn blotch leaf miner); Amphimallon majale (European chafer); Anicla infecta; Antonina graminis (rhodes grass scale); Aspidiella sacchari (brown sugarcane scale); Aulocara elliotti (Elliott grasshopper); Balclutha rubrostriata; Barley yellow dwarf viruses (barley yellow dwarf); bird pests; Blissus insularis (southern chinch bug); Brevennia rehi (rice mealybug); Bucrates capitata (gray katydid grasshopper); Carduus nutans (nodding thistle); Carolinaia cyperi; Cephus cinctus (wheat stem sawfly); Cerebella andropogonis; Cerodontha denticornis (grass sheath miner); Chilo orichalcociliellus (coastal stalk borer); Chilo suppressalis (striped rice stem borer); Chlorotettix fraterculus; Claviceps paspali; Claviceps purpurea (ergot); Cnephasia longana (omnivorous leaf-tier); Cochliobolus lunatus (head mould of grasses, rice and sorghum); Cochliobolus ravenelii (false smut); Collaria oleosa; Colletotrichum graminicola (red stalk rot of cereals); Conocephalus cinereus (longhorned green pasture grasshopper); Conocephalus fasciatus (slender meadow katydid); Criconemella (ring nematode); Crupina vulgaris (bearded creeper); Cynomys (prairie dog); Cynosurus mottle virus; Darna ochracea; Desmodium incanum (creeping beggerweed); Diabrotica barberi (northern corn rootworm); Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (western corn rootworm); Diatraea centrella (stalk borer of sugarcane and rice); Diatraea grandiosella (southwestern corn borer); Dichroplus elongatus; Draeculacephala mollipes (sharpshooter); Drechslera gigantea (eyespot); Dysmicoccus brevipes (pineapple mealybug); Elymus repens (quackgrass); Globisporangium irregulare (dieback: carrot); Gonocephalum (false wireworm); Gryllus assimilis (field cricket); Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (grassworm); Hoplolaimus seinhorsti (lance nematode); Hortensia similis (common green sugarcane leafhopper); Hylephila phyleus (rice skipper); Hysteroneura setariae (rusty plum aphid); Lantana camara (lantana); Latheticus oryzae (longheaded flour beetle); Leptocorisa acuta (rice seed bug); Leucania incognita; Ligyrus cuniculus (rough black hard-back (PR)); Limothrips cerealium (corn, thrips); Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (rice water weevil); Listronotus bonariensis (Argentine stem weevil); Maize streak virus (streak disease of maize); Marasmia trapezalis (maize webworm); Meloidogyne graminicola (rice root knot nematode); Merlinius brevidens; Metopolophium dirhodum (rose-grass aphid); Metopolophium festucae (fescue aphid); Mocis latipes (grass looper); Mythimna inconspicua; Mythimna latiuscula; Mythimna unipuncta (rice armyworm); Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock grass); Neoconocephalus maxillosus (longhorned grasshopper); Neoconocephalus triops (broad-tipped cone-head katydid); Odonaspis ruthae (bermuda-grass scale); Oebalus pugnax (rice stinkbug); Oliarus maidis; Oligonychus pratensis (spider mite); Opuntia dillenii (prickly pear); Opuntia triacantha (prickly pear); Orphulella punctata; Ostrinia nubilalis (European maize borer); Pangola stunt virus (Pangola stunt); Panoquina sylvicola; Paromius longulus; Passalora fusimaculans; Penicillium viridicatum; Peregrinus maidis (corn planthopper); Phalera combusta; Phenacoccus hordei; Platysenta concisa; Polyphylla fullo (fuller); Pratylenchus (root lesion nematode); Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite); Prosopis juliflora (mesquite); Prosopis pallida (mesquite); Prosopis velutina (velvet mesquite); Protalebrella brasiliensis; Puccinia chaetochloae; Puccinia cynodontis (rust of grasses); Puccinia oahuensis (pangola rust); Puccinia polysora (American corn rust); Puccinia purpurea (rust (of grasses, sorghum)); Puccinia zoysiae (zoysia grass rust); Pythium graminicola (seedling blight of grasses); Pythium vexans (damping off); Rotylenchulus (reniform nematode); Scapteriscus (mole crickets); Scapteriscus didactylus (Puerto Rican mole cricket); Schistocerca americana (south American locust); Schistocerca nitens (gray bird grasshopper); Sclerotinia borealis (snow blight of grass); Setosphaeria rostrata (leaf spot of grasses); Sida acuta (sida); Sigmodon hispidus (hispid cotton rat); Sipha maydis; Sogatella furcifera (white-backed planthopper); Sonchus arvensis (perennial sowthistle); Sphingonotus haitensis; Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); Spodoptera littoralis (cotton leafworm); Spodoptera litura (taro caterpillar); Spodoptera mauritia (paddy swarming caterpillar); Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides (armyworm); Stenopola dorsalis; Striga asiatica (witch weed); Taraxacum officinale complex (dandelion); Tenebrio molitor (European meal worm); Tenebroides mauritanicus (cadelle); Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (rice root aphid); Thanatephorus cucumeris (many names, depending on host); Tipula oleracea (common crane fly); Tipula paludosa (European crane fly); Tylenchorhynchus annulatus (stunt nematode); Tylenchorhynchus claytoni (stunt nematode); Ustilago hypodytes (stem: grasses smut); Ventenata dubia (North Africa grass); Xanthium (Cocklebur); Zonocerus variegatus (variegated grasshopper); Zulia charon (spittle bug)

Minor host of:

Acrida cinerea; Anthemis cotula (dog fennel); Belonolaimus longicaudatus (sting nematode); Cicadulina mbila (maize leafhopper); Cirsium vulgare (spear thistle); Colletotrichum sublineolum (sorghum anthracnose); Cornu aspersum (common garden snail); Fumaria officinalis (common fumitory); Fusarium culmorum (culm rot: cereals); Gryllotalpa africana (african mole cricket); Haematonectria haematococca (dry rot of potato); Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm); Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst eelworm); Kakatoe (cockatoo); Melanaphis pyraria; Melanoplus sanguinipes (lesser migratory grasshopper); Melanotus communis (common wireworm); Onopordum acanthium (scotch thistle); Osmilia flavolineata; Parapoynx stagnalis (rice case bearer); Phenacoccus solani; Philaenus spumarius (meadow froghopper); Platynota stultana (omnivorous leaf roller); Pratylenchus brachyurus (root-lesion nematode); Pyrilla perpusilla (sugarcane planthopper); Rhopalosiphum maidis (green corn aphid); Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (rice root aphid); Rosellinia necatrix (dematophora root rot); Saccharicoccus sacchari (grey sugarcane mealybug); Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm); Tilletia controversa (dwarf bunt of wheat); Tilletia tritici (wheat bunt); Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (rice leaf blight); Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak of rice); Xestia c-nigrum (spotted cutworm)

Wild host of:

Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae (bacterial leaf blight); Anthonomus grandis (Mexican cotton boll weevil); Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew of grasses and cereals); Chilo auricilius (gold-fringed rice borer); Chilo partellus (spotted stem borer); Chilo polychrysus (dark-headed striped borer); Chlorops oryzae (rice stem maggot); Cofana spectra (white leafhopper); Cryptostegia grandiflora (rubber vine); Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane stalk borer); Diuraphis noxia (Russian wheat aphid); Gonocephalum macleayi (southern false wireworm); Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (spiral nematode); Heterodera zeae (corn cyst nematode); Hirschmanniella spinicaudata (rice root nematode); Hydrellia griseola (rice leaf miner); Hymenula cerealis (Cephalosporium stripe); Lepidiota stigma (sugarcane white grub); Locusta migratoria (migratory locust); Monographella nivalis (foot rot of cereals); Mus musculus domesticus (mouse); Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici blotch); Noctua pronuba (common yellow underwing moth); Nomadacris septemfasciata (red locust); Ostrinia furnacalis (Asian corn borer); Penthaleus major (blue oat mite); Phaenacantha saccharicida (sugarcane red bug); Polymyxa graminis (vector of streak mosaic: wheat); Pratylenchus thornei; Pratylenchus zeae (root lesion nematode); Pyrenophora teres (net blotch); Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (leaf spot of wheat); Rhabdoscelus obscurus (sugarcane weevil borer); Rhamphicarpa fistulosa; Rumex acetosella (sheep's sorrel); Sesamia calamistis (African pink stem borer); Sesamia cretica (greater sugarcane borer); Sesamia nonagrioides (Mediterranean corn stalk borer); Sitobion avenae (wheat aphid); Sitobion miscanthi (indian grain aphid); Sitodiplosis mosellana (orange wheat blossom midge); Spodoptera exempta (black armyworm); Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm); Sugarcane mosaic virus (mosaic of abaca); sugarcane Ramu stunt disease (Ramu stunt disease); Xiphinema (dagger nematode); Xylella fastidiosa (Pierce's disease of grapevines); Zabrus tenebrioides (corn ground beetle); Zygotylenchus guevarai

Associated with (not a host):

Acremonium lolii; Archytas marmoratus; Atacta brasiliensis; Campsomeris dorsata; Dociostaurus maroccanus (Moroccan locust); Eucelatoria armigera; Euphorocera claripennis; Euphorocera floridensis; Gliocladium catenulatum; Meloidogyne chitwoodi (columbia root-knot nematode); Neodusmetia sangwani; Penicillium aurantiogriseum (crown rot of asparagus); Sarocladium strictum (acremonium wilt); Timberlakia europaea; Winthemia quadripustulata (tachina, red-tailed)

Host of (source - data mining):

Abacarus hystrix (grain rust mite); Aconurella prolixa; Acremonium typhinum (choke disease: grasses); Acromyrmex landolti; Adoryphorus couloni (cockchafer, red headed); Ageneotettix deorum; Aiolopus strepens; Amphipoea fucosa; Apamea devastatrix; Apamea lateritia; Apamea ophiogramma; Apamea sordens (rustic shoulder, knot moth); Arphia conspersa; Balclutha hortensis; Brome mosaic virus; Carneocephala flaviceps (leafhopper, yellowheaded); Carneocephala reticulata; Chirothrips manicatus; Chloris striate mosaic virus; Chorthippus albomarginatus; Chorthippus brunneus; Chorthippus longicornis; Chromatomyia fuscula; Cicadulina arachidis; Cicadulina bipunctata (sorghum, jassid); Cicadulina similis; Cicadulina storeyi; Cochliobolus cynodontis (browning: Bermuda grass); Collaria scenica; Ctenucha virginica; Curvularia australiensis (leaf blight of grasses); Dalbulus elimatus; Dalbulus gelbus; Dalbulus guevarai; Dalbulus quinquenotatus; Dalbulus tripsacoides; Deois flavopicta (demerara, froghopper); Deois incompleta; Diatraea indigenella; Diatraea lineolata (neotropical corn stalk borer); Dichroplus pratensis; Eoreuma loftini; Eoreuma morbidella; Eurygaster integriceps (sunn pest); Forda marginata; Frankliniella tenuicornis; Fusarium oxysporum (basal rot); Gastrimargus musicus; Geomyza tripunctata; Gibberella intricans (damping-off of safflower); Gloeotinia granigena (blind seed disease: grasses); Glyphipterix simpliciella; Graminella nigrifrons (blackfaced leafhopper); Hemileuca oliviae (rangeland, caterpillar); Heterodera trifolii (eelworm, Clover cyst); Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus; Hipparchia semele; Hodotermes mossambicus (harvester, termite); Hoplolaimus galeatus; Inopus rubriceps (Australian soldier fly); Irbisia brachycera; Irbisia pacifica; Javesella pellucida; Labops hesperius (black grass bug); Laelia coenosa; Laetisaria fuciformis (pink patch: turf); Leptispa pygmaea (rice leaf beetle); Leptopterna dolabrata; Lissorhoptrus brevirostris; Macrosteles quadrilineatus (aster leafhopper); Mahanarva fimbriolata; Melanoplus bivittatus (twostriped grasshopper); Melanoplus femurrubrum (redlegged grasshopper); Melanoplus packardii (packard grasshopper); Messor barbarus (harvster, ant); Mythimna convecta (armyworm, common); Myzus obtusirostris; Nephotettix malayanus; Nephotettix parvus; Nesoclutha pallida; Oedaleus abruptus; Oscinella hortensis; Oscinella pusilla; Oscinella vastator; Pachynematus clitellatus; Papaipema nebris (stalk borer); Periconia macrospinosa; Persectania ewingii (barley, grub); Phaulacridium vittatum (grasshopper, wingless); Phoetaliotes nebrascensis; Phyllophaga fusca (northern June beetle); Polyphylla comes; Pseudomonas syringae (bacterial blast); Puccinia schedonnardi (leaf cotton rust); Scapteriscus borellii (southern mole cricket); Scapteriscus vicinus (changa); Sipha elegans; Sorhoanus pascuellus; Sphenophorus inaequalis; Sphenophorus minimus; Sphenophorus parvulus (bluegrass billbug); Sphenophorus venatus (hunting billbug); Sphenophorus venatus vestitus; Spodoptera cilium (caterpillar, lawn); Stirellus bicolor; Tetramesa eximia; Toya propinqua; Trigonotylus coelestialium (rice, leafbug); Trinervitermes geminatus; Typhula incarnata (snow blight: cereals); Typhula ishikariensis (speckled: cereals snow mould); Xanthomonas campestris (black rot of crucifers); Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (bacterial: grasses wilt); Zulia colombiana; Zulia entreriana; Zygina zealandica (yellow jassid); Zyginidia pullula
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