bovine anaplasmosis
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Top of pageBovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, occurs in cattle in most tropical and subtropical countries. The most marked clinical signs of anaplasmosis are anaemia and jaundice, the latter occurring late in the disease. Haemoglobinaemia and haemoglobinuria are not present, and this may assist in the differential diagnosis of anaplasmosis from babesiosis, which is often endemic in the same regions. The disease can only be confirmed, however, by identification of the organism. Anaplasmosis, which is an infectious but non-contagious disease, is typically spread through tick bites, but also through the mechanical transfer of fresh erythrocytes from biting flies or surgical equipment such as needles, or dehorning, castration or tattooing equipment (Aubry and Geale, 2011). Anaplasma centrale, a less pathogenic but closely related organism, is used as a live vaccine for cattle in some countries (reviewed by Kocan et al., 2003).
This disease is on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The distribution section contains data from OIE's WAHID database on disease occurrence. For information on this disease from OIE, see the website: www.oie.int.
For further information, see the datasheet on anaplasmosis, which covers infection with Anaplasma spp. in cattle and other ruminants.
Distribution Table
Top of pageThe distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
| Continent/Country/Region | Distribution | Last Reported | Origin | First Reported | Invasive | Reference | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Asia | ||||||||
| Afghanistan | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Armenia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Azerbaijan | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Bahrain | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Bangladesh | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Bhutan | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Brunei Darussalam | CAB Abstracts data mining | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Cambodia | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| China | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| -Hong Kong | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Georgia (Republic of) | Last reported | 1997 | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | |||||
| India | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Indonesia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Iran | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Iraq | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Israel | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Japan | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Jordan | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Kazakhstan | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Korea, DPR | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Korea, Republic of | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Kuwait | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Kyrgyzstan | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Laos | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Lebanon | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Malaysia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| -Peninsular Malaysia | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| -Sabah | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| -Sarawak | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Mongolia | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Myanmar | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Nepal | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Oman | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Pakistan | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Philippines | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Qatar | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Saudi Arabia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Singapore | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Sri Lanka | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Syria | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Taiwan | Last reported | 2002 | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | |||||
| Tajikistan | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Thailand | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Turkey | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Turkmenistan | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| United Arab Emirates | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Uzbekistan | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Vietnam | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Yemen | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
Africa | ||||||||
| Algeria | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Angola | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Benin | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Botswana | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Burundi | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Cameroon | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Cape Verde | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Central African Republic | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Chad | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Congo | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Congo Democratic Republic | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Côte d'Ivoire | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Djibouti | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Egypt | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Eritrea | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Ethiopia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Gabon | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Gambia | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Ghana | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Guinea | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Guinea-Bissau | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Kenya | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Lesotho | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Libya | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Madagascar | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Malawi | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Mali | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Mauritius | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Morocco | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Mozambique | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Namibia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Nigeria | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Réunion | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Rwanda | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Sao Tome and Principe | Last reported | 1991 | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | |||||
| Senegal | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Seychelles | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Somalia | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| South Africa | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Sudan | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Swaziland | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Tanzania | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Togo | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Tunisia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Uganda | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Zambia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Zimbabwe | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
North America | ||||||||
| Bermuda | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Canada | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Greenland | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Mexico | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| USA | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
Central America and Caribbean | ||||||||
| Barbados | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Belize | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| British Virgin Islands | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Cayman Islands | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Costa Rica | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Cuba | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Curaçao | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Dominica | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Dominican Republic | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| El Salvador | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Guadeloupe | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Guatemala | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Haiti | Absent, reported but not confirmed | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Honduras | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Jamaica | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Martinique | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Nicaragua | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Panama | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Trinidad and Tobago | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
South America | ||||||||
| Argentina | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Bolivia | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Brazil | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Chile | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Colombia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Ecuador | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Falkland Islands | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| French Guiana | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Guyana | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Paraguay | Reported present or known to be present | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Peru | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Uruguay | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Venezuela | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
Europe | ||||||||
| Albania | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Andorra | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Austria | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Belarus | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Belgium | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Bosnia-Hercegovina | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Bulgaria | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Croatia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Cyprus | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Czech Republic | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Denmark | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Estonia | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Finland | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| France | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Germany | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Greece | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Hungary | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Iceland | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Ireland | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Isle of Man (UK) | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Italy | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Jersey | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Latvia | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Liechtenstein | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Lithuania | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Luxembourg | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Macedonia | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Malta | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Moldova | Disease not reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Montenegro | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Netherlands | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Norway | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Poland | No information available | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Portugal | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Romania | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Russian Federation | Present | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Serbia | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Slovakia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Slovenia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Spain | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Sweden | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Switzerland | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| UK | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| -Northern Ireland | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Ukraine | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Yugoslavia (former) | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
Oceania | ||||||||
| Australia | Restricted distribution | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| French Polynesia | Disease not reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| New Caledonia | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| New Zealand | Disease never reported | OIE, 2009 | ||||||
| Samoa | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Vanuatu | Disease never reported | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
| Wallis and Futuna Islands | No information available | OIE Handistatus, 2005 | ||||||
References
Top of pageOIE Handistatus, 2002. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2003. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2002). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2004. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int
Distribution Maps
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