Datasheet
bovine viral diarrhea virus
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Identity
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Preferred Scientific Name bovine viral diarrhea virus International Common Names English:
bovine diarrhoea virus; bovine diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus; bovine pestivirus; bovine viral diarrhoea virusEnglish acronym
Taxonomic Tree
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Domain: Virus Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses" Group: "RNA viruses" Order: Nidovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Pestivirus Species: bovine viral diarrhea virus
Distribution Table Top of page The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Last updated: 10 Jan 2020
Continent/Country/Region
Distribution
Last Reported
Origin
First Reported
Invasive
Reference
Notes
Africa
Algeria Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Burundi Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cabo Verde Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Central African Republic Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Côte d'Ivoire Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Djibouti Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Egypt Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eritrea Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eswatini Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ethiopia Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ghana Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guinea Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kenya Present OIE Handistatus (2005) CAB Abstracts Data Mining
Libya Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Madagascar Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mauritius Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Morocco Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Namibia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
South Africa Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sudan Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Togo Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Tunisia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uganda Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Asia
Bahrain Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bhutan Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
China Present CABI Data Mining (2001)
India Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iraq Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Japan Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jordan Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kazakhstan Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kuwait Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005) Malaysia
-Peninsular Malaysia Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mongolia Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Korea Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Oman Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Qatar Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Singapore Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
South Korea Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sri Lanka Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Syria Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taiwan Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Thailand Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
United Arab Emirates Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uzbekistan Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Europe
Andorra Present OIE Handistatus (2005) CAB Abstracts Data Mining
Belarus Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Belgium Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bulgaria Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Croatia Present OIE Handistatus (2005) CAB Abstracts Data Mining
Denmark Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Finland Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
France Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Germany Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Hungary Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iceland Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ireland Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Isle of Man Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jersey Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Latvia Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Liechtenstein Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Lithuania Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Luxembourg Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Malta Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Netherlands Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Macedonia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Norway Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Portugal Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Russia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Slovenia Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Spain Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sweden Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Switzerland Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
United Kingdom Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Northern Ireland Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
North America
Barbados Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bermuda Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
British Virgin Islands Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Canada Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Ontario Present CABI Data Mining (2001)
Curaçao Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Dominica Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guatemala Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Haiti Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Honduras Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jamaica Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Martinique Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Nicaragua Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
United States Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Oceania
Australia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Caledonia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Zealand Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Samoa Present, Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus (2005)
Vanuatu Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
South America
Argentina Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Brazil Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Chile Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Colombia Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ecuador Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Falkland Islands Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guyana Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Paraguay Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Peru Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uruguay Present OIE Handistatus (2005)
Venezuela Absent, No presence record(s) OIE Handistatus (2005)
Pathogen Characteristics
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Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and border disease virus. Two antigenically distinct genotypes of BVDV exist, types 1 and 2. They may be differentiated from each other, and from other pestiviruses, by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the E2 major glycoprotein, or by genetic analysis (Pellerin et al., 1994 ; Ridpath et al., 1994 ). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been described that enables virus typing direct from blood samples (Gilbert et al., 1999 ). Type 1 virus is generally more common, although the prevalence of type 2 is reported to be almost as high as type 1 in North America. BVDV of both genotypes may occur in non-cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic forms (biotypes), classified according to whether or not it produces visible change in cell cultures. Usually, it is the non-cytopathogenic biotype that circulates in cattle populations. Each biotype has a specific role in a variety of clinical syndromes - acute, congenital and chronic infections. Type 2 viruses are usually non-cytopathogenic and have been associated with outbreaks of severe acute infection. Clinically inapparent infections are common with both genotypes.
There is an increasing awareness of an “atypical” or “HoBi-like” pestivirus - a putative BVDV type 3, in cattle, also associated with clinical disease (Bauermann and Ridpath, 2015 ; Giammarioli et al., 2015 ; Weber et al., 2016 ).
References
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Bauermann FV; Ridpath JF, 2015. HoBi-like viruses - the typical 'atypical bovine pestivirus'. Animal Health Research Reviews [A joint meeting on pestiviruses organized by the US BVDV Symposia Committee and the European Society for Veterinary Virology entitled "Pestiviruses: old enemies and new challenges", Kansas City, Missouri, USA, 14-15 October 2014.], 16(1):64-69. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=AHR
Giammarioli M; Ridpath JF; Rossi E; Bazzucchi M; Casciari C; Mia GMde, 2015. Genetic detection and characterization of emerging HoBi-like viruses in archival foetal bovine serum batches. Biologicals, 43(4):220-224. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10451056
Gilbert SA; Burton KM; Prins SE; Deregt D, 1999. Typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses directly from blood of persistently infected cattle by multiplex PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(6):2020-2023; 28 ref.
OIE Handistatus, 2002. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2003. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2002). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2004. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
Pellerin C; Vandenhurk J; Lecomte J; Tijssen P, 1994. Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. Virology, 203:260-268.
Ridpath JF; Bolin SR; Dubovi EJ, 1994. Segregation of bovine diarrhea virus into genotypes. Virology (New York), 205(1):66-74; 47 ref.
Weber MN; Mósena ACS; Simões SVD; Almeida LL; Pessoa CRM; Budaszewski RF; Silva TR; Ridpath JF; Riet-Correa F; Driemeier D; Canal CW, 2016. Clinical presentation resembling mucosal disease associated with 'HoBi'-like pestivirus in a field outbreak. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 63(1):92-100. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.12223/full
Distribution References CABI Data Mining, 2001. CAB Abstracts Data Mining.,
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2004)., Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
Distribution Maps
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