Datasheet
bovine viral diarrhea virus
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Identity
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Preferred Scientific Name bovine viral diarrhea virus International Common Names English:
bovine diarrhoea virus; bovine diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus; bovine pestivirus; bovine viral diarrhoea virusEnglish acronym
Taxonomic Tree
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Domain: Virus Unknown: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses" Unknown: "RNA viruses" Order: Nidovirales Family: Flaviviridae Genus: Pestivirus Species: bovine viral diarrhea virus
Distribution Table
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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.
Continent/Country/Region Distribution Last Reported Origin First Reported Invasive Reference Notes Asia Azerbaijan No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Bahrain Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Bhutan Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Brunei Darussalam No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 China Present CAB ABSTRACTS Data Mining 2001 -Hong Kong No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Georgia (Republic of) Last reported 1989 OIE Handistatus,
2005 India Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Indonesia OIE Handistatus,
2005 Iran No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Iraq Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Israel No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Japan Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Jordan Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Kazakhstan Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Korea, DPR Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Korea, Republic of Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Kuwait Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Lebanon No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Malaysia -Peninsular Malaysia Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 -Sabah Last reported 2001 OIE Handistatus,
2005 -Sarawak No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Mongolia Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Myanmar Last reported 1996 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Nepal No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Oman Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Philippines OIE Handistatus,
2005 Qatar Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Singapore Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Sri Lanka Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Syria Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Taiwan Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Tajikistan No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Thailand Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Turkey No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Turkmenistan No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 United Arab Emirates Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Uzbekistan Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Vietnam No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Yemen No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Africa Algeria Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Angola No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Benin No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Botswana No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Burkina Faso No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Burundi Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Cameroon No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Cape Verde Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Central African Republic Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Chad No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Congo Democratic Republic No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Côte d'Ivoire Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Djibouti Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Egypt Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Eritrea Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Ethiopia Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Ghana Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Guinea Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Guinea-Bissau No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Kenya CAB Abstracts data mining OIE Handistatus,
2005 Libya Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Madagascar Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Malawi No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Mali No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Mauritius Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Morocco Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Mozambique No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Namibia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Nigeria No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Réunion No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Rwanda No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Sao Tome and Principe No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Senegal No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Seychelles No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Somalia No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 South Africa Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Sudan Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Swaziland Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Tanzania No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Togo Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Tunisia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Uganda Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Zambia No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Zimbabwe Last reported 2001 OIE Handistatus,
2005 North America Bermuda Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Canada Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 -Ontario Present CAB ABSTRACTS Data Mining 2001 Mexico OIE Handistatus,
2005 USA Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Central America and Caribbean Barbados Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Belize No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 British Virgin Islands Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Cayman Islands No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Costa Rica No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Cuba Last reported 2003 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Curaçao Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Dominica Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Dominican Republic OIE Handistatus,
2005 El Salvador Last reported 2001 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Guadeloupe No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Guatemala Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Haiti Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Honduras Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Jamaica Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Martinique Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Nicaragua Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Panama No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Saint Kitts and Nevis Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Trinidad and Tobago Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 South America Argentina Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Bolivia OIE Handistatus,
2005 Brazil Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Chile Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Colombia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Ecuador Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Falkland Islands Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 French Guiana Last reported 2003 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Guyana Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Paraguay Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Peru Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Uruguay Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Venezuela Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Europe Andorra CAB Abstracts data mining OIE Handistatus,
2005 Austria No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Belarus Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Belgium Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Bosnia-Hercegovina No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Bulgaria Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Croatia CAB Abstracts data mining OIE Handistatus,
2005 Cyprus Last reported 2001 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Czech Republic Last reported 2003 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Denmark Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Estonia OIE Handistatus,
2005 Finland Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 France Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Germany Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Greece OIE Handistatus,
2005 Hungary Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Iceland Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Ireland Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Isle of Man (UK) Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Italy No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Jersey Disease never reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Latvia Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Liechtenstein Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Lithuania Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Luxembourg Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Macedonia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Malta Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Moldova Last reported 1987 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Netherlands Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Norway Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Poland No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Portugal Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Romania OIE Handistatus,
2005 Russian Federation Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Slovakia Last reported 2003 OIE Handistatus,
2005 Slovenia Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Spain Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Sweden Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Switzerland Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 UK Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 -Northern Ireland Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Ukraine No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Yugoslavia (former) No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005 Oceania Australia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 French Polynesia OIE Handistatus,
2005 New Caledonia Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 New Zealand Reported present or known to be present OIE Handistatus,
2005 Samoa Serological evidence and/or isolation of the agent OIE Handistatus,
2005 Vanuatu Disease not reported OIE Handistatus,
2005 Wallis and Futuna Islands No information available OIE Handistatus,
2005
Pathogen Characteristics
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Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae and is closely related to classical swine fever virus and border disease virus. Two antigenically distinct genotypes of BVDV exist, types 1 and 2. They may be differentiated from each other, and from other pestiviruses, by monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the E2 major glycoprotein, or by genetic analysis (Pellerin et al., 1994 ; Ridpath et al., 1994 ). A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been described that enables virus typing direct from blood samples (Gilbert et al., 1999 ). Type 1 virus is generally more common, although the prevalence of type 2 is reported to be almost as high as type 1 in North America. BVDV of both genotypes may occur in non-cytopathogenic and cytopathogenic forms (biotypes), classified according to whether or not it produces visible change in cell cultures. Usually, it is the non-cytopathogenic biotype that circulates in cattle populations. Each biotype has a specific role in a variety of clinical syndromes - acute, congenital and chronic infections. Type 2 viruses are usually non-cytopathogenic and have been associated with outbreaks of severe acute infection. Clinically inapparent infections are common with both genotypes.
There is an increasing awareness of an “atypical” or “HoBi-like” pestivirus - a putative BVDV type 3, in cattle, also associated with clinical disease (Bauermann and Ridpath, 2015 ; Giammarioli et al., 2015 ; Weber et al., 2016 ).
References
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Bauermann FV; Ridpath JF, 2015. HoBi-like viruses - the typical 'atypical bovine pestivirus'. Animal Health Research Reviews [A joint meeting on pestiviruses organized by the US BVDV Symposia Committee and the European Society for Veterinary Virology entitled "Pestiviruses: old enemies and new challenges", Kansas City, Missouri, USA, 14-15 October 2014.], 16(1):64-69. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=AHR
Giammarioli M; Ridpath JF; Rossi E; Bazzucchi M; Casciari C; Mia GMde, 2015. Genetic detection and characterization of emerging HoBi-like viruses in archival foetal bovine serum batches. Biologicals, 43(4):220-224. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10451056
Gilbert SA; Burton KM; Prins SE; Deregt D, 1999. Typing of bovine viral diarrhea viruses directly from blood of persistently infected cattle by multiplex PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(6):2020-2023; 28 ref.
OIE Handistatus, 2002. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2003. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2002). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2004. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.
Pellerin C; Vandenhurk J; Lecomte J; Tijssen P, 1994. Identification of a new group of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains associated with severe outbreaks and high mortalities. Virology, 203:260-268.
Ridpath JF; Bolin SR; Dubovi EJ, 1994. Segregation of bovine diarrhea virus into genotypes. Virology (New York), 205(1):66-74; 47 ref.
Weber MN; Mósena ACS; Simões SVD; Almeida LL; Pessoa CRM; Budaszewski RF; Silva TR; Ridpath JF; Riet-Correa F; Driemeier D; Canal CW, 2016. Clinical presentation resembling mucosal disease associated with 'HoBi'-like pestivirus in a field outbreak. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 63(1):92-100. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tbed.12223/full
Distribution Maps
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