Bonamia ostreae

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Bonamia ostreae

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Protista
Phylum: Protozoa
Subphylum: Ascetospora
Order: Balanospororida
Family: Haplosporidiidae
Genus: Bonamia
Species: Bonamia ostreae

Diseases Table

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bonamiosis (Bonamia ostreae)

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 07 Jan 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference	Notes
Africa
Algeria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Botswana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Cabo Verde	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Egypt	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Ghana	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Kenya	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Lesotho	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Libya	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Madagascar	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Mauritius	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Mayotte	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Morocco	Absent	OIE (2020a) OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2020
Mozambique	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Nigeria	Absent	OIE (2019)	Jul-Dec-2019
Réunion	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Saint Helena	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Seychelles	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Somalia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2018
South Africa	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Sudan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Tunisia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Asia
Afghanistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Armenia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020)	Jul-Dec-2020
Azerbaijan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Bangladesh	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
China	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Georgia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
India	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2018
Iraq	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Israel	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Japan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Jordan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018)	Jul-Dec-2018
Kuwait	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Kyrgyzstan	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Maldives	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Mongolia	Absent	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Nepal	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Philippines	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Saudi Arabia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Singapore	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
South Korea	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Tajikistan	Absent	OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Thailand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
United Arab Emirates	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Vietnam	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Europe
Andorra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Belarus	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Belgium	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Croatia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cyprus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Czechia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Denmark	Present	OIE (2020) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020; in wild animals only; suspected in domestic animals
Estonia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Faroe Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2018
Finland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
France	Present, Localized	OIE (2019) Mialhe et al. (1988) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Germany	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Greece	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Hungary	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Iceland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Ireland	Present	OIE (2020) Lynch et al. (2014) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Italy	Absent	OIE (2020) Narcisi et al. (2010) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Latvia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Liechtenstein	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Lithuania	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Malta	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Moldova	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Netherlands	Present	OIE (2019) Engelsma et al. (2010) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
North Macedonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Norway	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Poland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Portugal	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Serbia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Slovakia	Absent	OIE (2020a) OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2020
Slovenia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Spain	Present, Localized	OIE (2020) Conchas et al. (2003) Montes et al. (2003) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Sweden	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Switzerland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Ukraine	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
United Kingdom	Present	OIE (2020) Laing et al. (2014) Seebens et al. (2017) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
North America
Bahamas	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Barbados	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Belize	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Canada	Present	Marty et al. (2006)
Costa Rica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cuba	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Greenland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Guadeloupe	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Martinique	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Mexico	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
United States	Absent	OIE (2019) Friedman and Perkins (1994) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
-Maine	Present	Friedman and Perkins (1994)
Oceania
Australia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cook Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Federated States of Micronesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
French Polynesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Kiribati	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Marshall Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
New Caledonia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
New Zealand	Present	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Palau	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Papua New Guinea	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Samoa	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Tonga	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020a) OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2020
Vanuatu	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
South America
Argentina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Bolivia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Brazil	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Chile	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Colombia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Ecuador	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Falkland Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018)	Jul-Dec-2018
French Guiana	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Peru	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Uruguay	Absent	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Venezuela	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019

Pathogen Characteristics

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Bonamia ostreae is a small-sized (2-3 μm) protozoan parasite, responsible for bonamiosis, a haemocytic disease affecting the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis (Carnegie and Cochennec-Laureau, 2004; López-Flores et al., 2007).

Habitat List

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Category	Sub-Category	Habitat	Presence	Status
Marine

Host Animals

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Animal name	Context	Life stage	System
Crassostrea ariakensis (Suminoe oyster)	Experimental settings
Ostrea angasi	Experimental settings
Ostrea chilensis (Chilean oyster)	Experimental settings
Ostrea edulis (European oyster)	Domesticated host; Wild host	Aquatic\|Adult	Open water systems/Enhancements and culture-based fisheries (inc. ranching and stock enhacement); Open water systems/Line/rope, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Rack, column culture; Open water systems/Soft substrate/sediment, bottom culture
Ostrea puelchana	Experimental settings

Vectors and Intermediate Hosts

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Vector	Source	Reference	Group	Distribution
Ostrea edulis		ISSG (2021)

References

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Carnegie RB, Cochennec-Laureau N, 2004. Microcell parasites of oysters: recent insights and future trends. Aquatic Living Resources, 17(4):519-528. http://www.alr-journal.org/index.php?option=article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/alr/abs/2004/04/alr30/alr30.html

Conchas RF, Santamarina J, Lama A, Longa MA, Montes J, 2003. Evolution of bonamiosis in Galicia (NW Spain). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 23(6):265-272

Engelsma MY, Kerkhoff S, Roozenburg I, Haenen OLM, Gool Avan, Sistermans W, Wijnhoven S, Hummel H, 2010. Epidemiology of Bonamia ostreae infecting European flat oysters Ostrea edulis from Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands. Marine Ecology, Progress Series, 409:131-142

Friedman CS, Perkins FO, 1994. Range extension of Bonamia ostreae to Maine, USA. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 64(3):179-181

ISSG, 2021. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.http://www.issg.org/database/welcome/

Laing I, Dunn P, Peeler EJ, Feist SW, Longshaw M, 2014. Epidemiology of Bonamia in the UK, 1982 to 2012. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 110(1/2):101-111. http://www.int-res.com/articles/dao_oa/d110p101.pdf

López-Flores I, Suárez-Santiago VN, Longet D, Saulnier D, Chollet B, Arzul I, 2007. Characterization of actin genes in Bonamia ostreae and their application to phylogeny of the Haplosporidia. Parasitology, 134(14):1941-1948. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=par

Lynch SA, Flannery G, Hugh-Jones T, Hugh-Jones D, Culloty SC, 2014. Thirty-year history of Irish (Rossmore) Ostrea edulis selectively bred for disease resistance to Bonamia ostreae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 110(1/2):113-121. http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/dao/v110/n1-2/p113-121/

Marty GD, Bower SM, Clarke KR, Meyer G, Lowe G, Osborn AL, Chow EP, Hannah H, Byrne S, Sojonky K, Robinson JH, 2006. Histopathology and a real-time PCR assay for detection of Bonamia ostreae in Ostrea edulis cultured in western Canada. Aquaculture, 261(1):33-42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486

Mialhe E, Bachère E, Chagot D, Grizel H, 1988. Isolation and purification of the protozoan Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al. 1980), a parasite affecting the flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. Aquaculture, 71:293-299

Montes J, Ferro-Soto B, Conchas RF, Guerra A, 2003. Determining culture strategies in populations of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, affected by bonamiosis. Aquaculture, 220(1/4):175-182

Narcisi V, Arzul I, Cargini D, Mosca F, Calzetta A, Traversa D, Robert M, Joly JP, Chollet B, Renault T, Tiscar PG, 2010. Detection of Bonamia ostreae and B. exitiosa (Haplosporidia) in Ostrea edulis from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 89(1):79-85

Distribution References

CABI, Undated. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Conchas R F, Santamarina J, Lama A, Longa M A, Montes J, 2003. Evolution of bonamiosis in Galicia (NW Spain). Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 23 (6), 265-272.

Engelsma M Y, Kerkhoff S, Roozenburg I, Haenen O L M, Gool A van, Sistermans W, Wijnhoven S, Hummel H, 2010. Epidemiology of Bonamia ostreae infecting European flat oysters Ostrea edulis from Lake Grevelingen, The Netherlands. Marine Ecology, Progress Series. 131-142. DOI:10.3354/meps08594

Friedman C S, Perkins F O, 1994. Range extension of Bonamia ostreae to Maine, USA. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 64 (3), 179-181. DOI:10.1016/S0022-2011(94)90075-2

Laing I, Dunn P, Peeler E J, Feist S W, Longshaw M, 2014. Epidemiology of Bonamia in the UK, 1982 to 2012. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 110 (1/2), 101-111. DOI:10.3354/dao02647

Lynch S A, Flannery G, Hugh-Jones T, Hugh-Jones D, Culloty S C, 2014. Thirty-year history of Irish (Rossmore) Ostrea edulis selectively bred for disease resistance to Bonamia ostreae. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 110 (1/2), 113-121. DOI:10.3354/dao02734

Marty G D, Bower S M, Clarke K R, Meyer G, Lowe G, Osborn A L, Chow E P, Hannah H, Byrne S, Sojonky K, Robinson J H, 2006. Histopathology and a real-time PCR assay for detection of Bonamia ostreae in Ostrea edulis cultured in western Canada. Aquaculture. 261 (1), 33-42. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00448486 DOI:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.07.024

Mialhe E, Bachère E, Chagot D, Grizel H, 1988. Isolation and purification of the protozoan Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al. 1980), a parasite affecting the flat oyster Ostrea edulis L. Aquaculture. 293-299. DOI:10.1016/0044-8486(88)90198-6

Montes J, Ferro-Soto B, Conchas R F, Guerra A, 2003. Determining culture strategies in populations of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, affected by bonamiosis. Aquaculture. 220 (1/4), 175-182. DOI:10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00628-2

Narcisi V, Arzul I, Cargini D, Mosca F, Calzetta A, Traversa D, Robert M, Joly J P, Chollet B, Renault T, Tiscar P G, 2010. Detection of Bonamia ostreae and B. exitiosa (Haplosporidia) in Ostrea edulis from the Adriatic Sea (Italy). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 89 (1), 79-85. DOI:10.3354/dao02167

OIE, 2018. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2018a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int

OIE, 2019. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2019a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2020. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS): Jul-Dec. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

OIE, 2020a. World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS). Jan-Jun. In: OIE-WAHIS Platform, Paris, France: OIE (World Organisation for Animal Health). unpaginated. https://wahis.oie.int/

Seebens H, Blackburn T M, Dyer E E, Genovesi P, Hulme P E, Jeschke J M, Pagad S, Pyšek P, Winter M, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Blasius B, Brundu G, Capinha C, Celesti-Grapow L, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Fuentes N, Jäger H, Kartesz J, Kenis M, Kreft H, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Liebhold A, Mosena A (et al), 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications. 8 (2), 14435. http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14435

Links to Websites

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Website	URL	Comment
GISD/IASPMR: Invasive Alien Species Pathway Management Resource and DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway	https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m93f6	Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list.
Global register of Introduced and Invasive species (GRIIS)	http://griis.org/	Data source for updated system data added to species habitat list.

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Invasive Species Compendium

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Bonamia ostreae

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Bonamia ostreae

Index

Summary

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Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

Taxonomic Tree

Diseases Table

Distribution Table

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Oceania

South America

Pathogen Characteristics

Habitat List

Host Animals

Vectors and Intermediate Hosts

References

Distribution References

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