haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters

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Histology

Histological images (A to D) and tissue imprint (E) of Haplosporidia in oysters. A to C. Developmental stages of Haplosporidium nelsoni in Crassostrea virginica from Nova Scotia, Canada. A. Plasmodia (arrows) in the connective tissue of the digestive gland between the tubules. B. Sporocysts (arrows) within the epithelium of the digestive-gland tubules. C. Spores with a prominent operculum (arrow) in the disrupted tissue of a digestive-gland tubule (courtesy of M. Maillet). D and E. Bonamia ostreae from heavily infected Ostrea edulis from France. D. Numerous B. ostreae (arrows) located within haemocytes in the connective tissue between the tubules of the digestive gland. E. Imprint of connective tissue containing many B. ostreae (arrows), some with two nuclei, freed from ruptured haemocytes. All bars = 10 µm.

Susan M. Bower

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters

International Common Names

English: Delaware bay disease; haplosporidiosis; Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) of oysters; Haplosporidium nelsoni infection of oysters; MSX disease; multinucleate sphere x disease

Pathogen/s

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Haplosporidium nelsoni

Host Animals

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Animal name	Context	Life stage	System
Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster)		Aquatic: Adult\|Aquatic/Broodstock\|Aquatic/Fry	Enclosed systems/Ponds; Enclosed systems/Raceways / running water ponds; Open water systems/Enhancements and culture-based fisheries (inc. ranching and stock enhacement); Open water systems/Hard substrate, bottom culture; Open water systems/Line/rope, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Net, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Rack, column culture; Open water systems/Raft, column culture; Open water systems/Soft substrate/sediment, bottom culture; Open water systems/Stake, column culture; Open water systems/Tray, column culture
Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster)		Aquatic: Adult\|Aquatic/Broodstock\|Aquatic/Fry	Enclosed systems/Cages; Enclosed systems/Raceways / running water ponds; Enclosed systems/Tanks; Open water systems/Hard substrate, bottom culture; Open water systems/Line/rope, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Net, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Rack, column culture; Open water systems/Raft, column culture; Open water systems/Soft substrate/sediment, bottom culture; Open water systems/Stake, column culture; Open water systems/Tray, column culture

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 10 Jan 2020

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference
Africa
Botswana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Burundi	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cabo Verde	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cameroon	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Central African Republic	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Djibouti	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eritrea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ethiopia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ghana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guinea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Madagascar	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mauritius	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sudan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Togo	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Tunisia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uganda	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Zimbabwe	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Asia
Bahrain	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Brunei	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Georgia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Hong Kong	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Indonesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iran	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iraq	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Israel	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Japan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kazakhstan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Lebanon	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mongolia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Korea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
South Korea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sri Lanka	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Syria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taiwan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Turkmenistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uzbekistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Europe
Andorra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Austria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Belarus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bulgaria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Croatia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cyprus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Czechia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Denmark	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Estonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Finland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
France	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Germany	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Greece	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Hungary	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iceland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ireland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Isle of Man	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Italy	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jersey	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Latvia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Liechtenstein	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Lithuania	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Luxembourg	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Malta	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Moldova	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Macedonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Norway	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Poland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Portugal	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Slovakia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Slovenia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Spain	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sweden	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
United Kingdom	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Northern Ireland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North America
Barbados	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Belize	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bermuda	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
British Virgin Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cayman Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Costa Rica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cuba	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Dominica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Dominican Republic	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guatemala	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Haiti	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Honduras	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jamaica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mexico	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Nicaragua	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Panama	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Oceania
Australia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
French Polynesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Caledonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Zealand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Vanuatu	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
South America
Argentina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bolivia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Brazil	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Chile	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Colombia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Falkland Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
French Guiana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guyana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Paraguay	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Peru	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uruguay	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Venezuela	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)

References

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OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

Distribution References

OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2004)., Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

Invasive Species Compendium

Datasheet

haplosporidiosis of pacific oysters

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