infection with Marteilia refringens

Identity

Top of page

Preferred Scientific Name

infection with Marteilia refringens

International Common Names

English: aber disease; digestive gland disease of the European oyster; Marteilia refringens/maurini infection of mussels; marteiliasis of mussels; marteiliosis; marteiliosis of mussels; marteiliosis of oysters
French: marteiliose

Pathogen/s

Top of page

Marteilia refringens

Overview

Top of page

Marteilia refringens is a paramyxean parasite infecting the digestive system of several bivalve species, including European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) and Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The parasite induces physiological disorders and often death of the animal and is responsible for significant losses in the European shellfish industry (Berthe et al., 2004; Balseiro et al., 2007).

This disease is on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). For further information on this disease from OIE, see the website: www.oie.int

Host Animals

Top of page

Animal name	Life stage	System
Mytilus edulis (common blue mussel)	Aquatic\|Adult	Open water systems/Line/rope, column culture (buoyed or staked); Open water systems/Raft, column culture; Open water systems/Soft substrate/sediment, bottom culture; Open water systems/Stake, column culture
Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)
Ostrea edulis (European oyster)
Ostrea stentina

Distribution

Top of page

Countries reporting infection with Marteilia refringens include Spain (Gutierrez, 1977; López-Sanmartín et al., 2015), France (Arzul et al., 2014), Greece (Rayyan et al., 2006), Italy (Serracca et al., 2014), Croatia (Zrncic´ et al., 2001), Morocco (Bhaby et al., 2013), Portugal (López-Sanmartín et al., 2015), Slovenia (Gombac et al., 2014), Tunisia (Elgharsalli et al., 2013) and the UK (Murray et al., 2012).

Distribution Table

Top of page

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 07 Jan 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference	Notes
Africa
Algeria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Botswana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Cabo Verde	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Egypt	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Ghana	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Guinea-Bissau	Absent	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Kenya	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Lesotho	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Libya	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Madagascar	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Mauritius	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Mayotte	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Morocco	Absent	OIE (2019) Bhaby et al. (2013) OIE (2019a) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Mozambique	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Nigeria	Absent	OIE (2019)	Jul-Dec-2019
Réunion	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Saint Helena	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Seychelles	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Somalia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2018
South Africa	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Sudan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Tunisia	Absent	OIE (2019) Elgharsalli et al. (2013) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Asia
Afghanistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Armenia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020)	Jul-Dec-2020
Azerbaijan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Bangladesh	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
China	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Georgia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Iraq	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Israel	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Japan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Jordan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018)	Jul-Dec-2018
Kuwait	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Kyrgyzstan	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Maldives	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Mongolia	Absent	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Nepal	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Philippines	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Saudi Arabia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Singapore	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
South Korea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Tajikistan	Absent	OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Thailand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
United Arab Emirates	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Vietnam	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Europe
Andorra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Belarus	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Belgium	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Croatia	Absent	OIE (2019) Zrnčić et al. (2001) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cyprus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Czechia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Denmark	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Estonia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Faroe Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2018
Finland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
France	Present, Localized	OIE (2019) Arzul et al. (2014) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Germany	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Greece	Present	OIE (2020) Rayyan et al. (2006) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Hungary	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Iceland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Ireland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Italy	Absent	OIE (2020) Serracca et al. (2014) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Latvia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Liechtenstein	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Lithuania	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Malta	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Moldova	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Netherlands	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
North Macedonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Norway	Present	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Poland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Portugal	Present, Localized	OIE (2019) López-Sanmartín et al. (2015) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Serbia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Slovakia	Absent	OIE (2020a) OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2020
Slovenia	Absent	OIE (2019a) Gombač et al. (2014) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Spain	Present, Localized	OIE (2020) López-Sanmartín et al. (2015) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Sweden	Present	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Switzerland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Ukraine	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
United Kingdom	Absent	OIE (2019) Murray et al. (2012) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
North America
Bahamas	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Barbados	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Belize	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Canada	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Costa Rica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cuba	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Greenland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jul-Dec-2018
Guadeloupe	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Martinique	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Mexico	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
United States	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Oceania
Australia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Cook Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Federated States of Micronesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
French Polynesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Kiribati	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Marshall Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
New Caledonia	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
New Zealand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Palau	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Papua New Guinea	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Samoa	Absent	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Tonga	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2020a) OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jan-Jun-2020
Vanuatu	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
South America
Argentina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Bolivia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Brazil	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Chile	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Colombia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Ecuador	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019
Falkland Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2018)	Jul-Dec-2018
French Guiana	Absent	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Peru	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019) OIE (2019a)	Jul-Dec-2019
Uruguay	Absent	OIE (2020) OIE (2020a)	Jul-Dec-2020
Venezuela	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE (2019a) OIE (2018) OIE (2018a)	Jan-Jun-2019

References

Top of page

Arzul I; Chollet B; Boyer S; Bonnet D; Gaillard J; Baldi Y; Robert M; Joly J; Garcia C; Bouchoucha M, 2014. Contribution to the understanding of the cycle of the protozoan parasite Marteilia refringens. Parasitology, 141(2):227-240. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=par

Balseiro P; Montes A; Ceschia G; Gestal C; Novoa B; Figueras A, 2007. Molecular epizootiology of the European Marteilia spp., infecting mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis and M. edulis) and oysters (Ostrea edulis): an update. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, 27(4):148-156. http://www.eafp.org

Berthe FCJ; Le Roux F; Adlard RD; Figueras A, 2004. Marteiliosis in mollusks: a review. Aquatic living resources, 17(4):433-448.

Bhaby S; Belhsen OK; Errhif A; Tojo N, 2013. Seasonal dynamics of parasites on Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and ecological determinants of the infections in southern Alboran area, Morocco. International Journal of Parasitology Research, 5(1):116-121. http://bioinfopublication.org/files/articles/5_1_2_IJPR.pdf

Elgharsalli R; Aloui-Bejaoui N; Salah H; Chollet B; Joly JP; Robert M; Couraleau Y; Arzul I, 2013. Characterization of the protozoan parasite Marteilia refringens infecting the dwarf oyster Ostrea stentina in Tunisia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 112(2):175-183. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201112002728

Gombac M; Kusar D; Ocepek M; Pogacnik M; Arzul I; Couraleau Y; Jencic V, 2014. Marteiliosis in mussels: a rare disease? Journal of Fish Diseases, 37(9):805-814. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2761

Gutierrez M, 1977. A note on marteiliasis in the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.) of the north-eastern coast of Spain. (Nota sobre marteiliasis en el mejillon Mytilus edulis (L.), de la costa Noroeste de Espana.) Investigacion Pesquera, 41(3):637-642.

López-Sanmartín M; Batista FM; Marín Mdel C; Garrido I; Quintero D; Grade A; Ruano F; Herrán Rde la; Navas JI, 2015. Detection of Marteilia refringens infecting the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis and the dwarf oyster Ostrea stentina in southern Portugal and Spain. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 130:52-55. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201115001287

Murray AG; Marcos-Lopez M; Collet B; Munro LA, 2012. A review of the risk posed to Scottish mollusc aquaculture from Bonamia, Marteilia and oyster herpesvirus. Aquaculture, 370/371:7-13. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004484861200590X

OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int

Rayyan A; Damianidis P; Antoniadou C; Chintiroglou CC, 2006. Protozoan parasites in cultured mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Thermaikos Gulf (north Aegean Sea, Greece). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 70(3):251-254.

Serracca L; Prearo M; Rossini I; Battistini R; Corsi M; Ercolini C, 2014. Four-year surveillance of Marteilia refringens in shellfish farms in the Gulf of La Spezia (Liguria, Italy). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(4):893-896. http://www.trjfas.org/pdf/issue_14_04/0407.pdf

Zrncic S; Roux Fle; Oraic D; Sostaric B; Berthe FCJ, 2001. First record of Marteilia sp. in mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in Croatia. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 44(2):143-148.