Nairobi sheep disease virus

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Nairobi sheep disease virus

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Virus
Group: "Positive sense ssRNA viruses"
Group: "RNA viruses"
Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Bunyaviridae
Genus: Nairovirus
Species: Nairobi sheep disease virus

Diseases Table

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Nairobi sheep disease

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 10 Jan 2020

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Reference	Notes
Africa
Algeria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Botswana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Burundi	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cabo Verde	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cameroon	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Central African Republic	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Djibouti	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Egypt	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eritrea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Eswatini	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ethiopia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ghana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guinea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kenya	Present	OIE Handistatus (2005)	CAB Abstracts Data Mining
Libya	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Madagascar	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mauritius	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Morocco	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Namibia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Nigeria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Réunion	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
São Tomé and Príncipe	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
South Africa	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sudan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Togo	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Tunisia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uganda	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Zambia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Zimbabwe	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Asia
Bahrain	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bhutan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Brunei	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Georgia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
India	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Indonesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iran	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iraq	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Israel	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Japan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jordan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Kazakhstan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Lebanon	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Malaysia
-Peninsular Malaysia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Sabah	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Sarawak	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mongolia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Myanmar	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Korea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Oman	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Philippines	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saudi Arabia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Singapore	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
South Korea	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sri Lanka	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Syria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Taiwan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Thailand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Turkmenistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uzbekistan	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Vietnam	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Europe
Andorra	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Austria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Belarus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bulgaria	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Croatia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cyprus	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Czechia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Denmark	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Estonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Finland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
France	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Germany	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Hungary	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Iceland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ireland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Isle of Man	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jersey	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Latvia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Liechtenstein	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Lithuania	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Luxembourg	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Malta	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Moldova	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Netherlands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North Macedonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Norway	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Poland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Portugal	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Romania	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Russia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Serbia and Montenegro	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Slovakia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Slovenia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Spain	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Sweden	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Switzerland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ukraine	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
United Kingdom	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
-Northern Ireland	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
North America
Barbados	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Belize	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bermuda	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
British Virgin Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Canada	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cayman Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Costa Rica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Cuba	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Curaçao	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Dominica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Dominican Republic	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
El Salvador	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guadeloupe	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guatemala	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Haiti	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Honduras	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Jamaica	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Martinique	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Mexico	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Nicaragua	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Panama	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Trinidad and Tobago	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
United States	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Oceania
Australia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
French Polynesia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Caledonia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
New Zealand	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Samoa	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Vanuatu	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
South America
Argentina	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Bolivia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Brazil	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Chile	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Colombia	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Ecuador	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Falkland Islands	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
French Guiana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Guyana	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Paraguay	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Peru	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Uruguay	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)
Venezuela	Absent, No presence record(s)	OIE Handistatus (2005)

Pathogen Characteristics

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NSD virus is a member of the Nairovirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae. The nucleus contains three segments of single-stranded RNA and is thermolabile. At 4°C it has a half life of 3-4 days, and of 100 minutes at 37°C. The virus is sensitive to acid pH (3), ether and to sodium descoxycholate (Terpstra, 1969). Virus replication occurs in the cytoplasm and by budding from the membranes of smooth surface intracellular vesicles associated with the Golgi complex. Virus particles are released by exocytosis and by cell lysis. The molecular basis for this is the retention of viral envelope glycoproteins G1 and G2 in the Golgi complex during replication. Virus particles are spherical in shape and approximately 80-100 nm in diameter, with denser core and a double envelope of 5-nm thickness. They are typical of the Bunyavirus particles.

Disease(s) associated with this pathogen is/are on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). The distribution section contains data from OIE's Handistatus database on disease occurrence. Please see the AHPC library for further information from OIE, including the International Animal Health Code and the Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines. Also see the website: www.oie.int.

Host Animals

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Animal name	Context	Life stage	System
Capra hircus (goats)	Domesticated host
Ovis aries (sheep)	Domesticated host

Vectors and Intermediate Hosts

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Vector	Source	Reference	Group	Distribution
Amblyomma gemma			Tick
Amblyomma variegatum			Tick
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus			Tick
Rhipicephalus pulchellus			Tick
Rhipicephalus simus			Tick

References

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OIE Handistatus, 2002. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2001). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE Handistatus, 2003. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2002). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE Handistatus, 2004. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2003). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

Terpstra C, 1969. Nairobi sheep disease. Studies on virus properties, epizootiology and vaccination in Uganda. Thesis, University of Utrecht.

Distribution References

OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (dataset for 2004)., Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

Distribution Maps

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Invasive Species Compendium

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Nairobi sheep disease virus

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