yellow head disease

Pictures

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• yellow head disease

International Common Names

• English: yellow head shrimp disease; yellow head virus disease; yellowhead disease; yellowhead disease of penaeid shrimp; yellow-head shrimp disease; yellow-head virus disease; yellow-head virus disease (YHD) of penaeid shrimp

English acronym

• YHD

Pathogen/s

Overview

Yellow head disease, caused by Yellow head virus (genotype 1) (YHV1), has resulted in significant mortalities of penaeid shrimp in Asia (Flegel, 2012). The disease was first described in Penaeus monodon in Thailand in 1990 by Limsuwan (Chantanachookin et al., 1993). The syndrome was given its name due to the light yellow colouration of the dorsal cephalothorax area and the general pale appearance of the infected prawn. This yellow appearance was a result of the underlying enlarged yellow hepatopancreas.

YHV1 is one of six known genotypes in the yellow head complex of viruses. Gill-associated virus (GAV) is designated as genotype 2. GAV and four other known genotypes in the complex (genotypes 3–6) occur commonly in healthy Penaeus monodon in East Africa, Asia and Australia and are rarely or never associated with disease (Wijegoonawardane et al., 2008). YHV and other genotypes in the yellow head complex are classified as a single species (Gill-associated virus) in the genus Okavirus, family Roniviridae, order Nidovirales. There is evidence of genetic recombination between genotypes (Wijegoonawardane et al., 2009).

‘Infection with yellow head virus’ is on the list of diseases notifiable to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE). For further information on this disease from OIE, see the website: www.oie.int

Host Animals

Distribution

YHV throughout most of Southeast Asia is reported to be a highly pathogenic agent for cultured P. monodon, causing significant mortalities and adversely affecting the mariculture prawns in Thailand (Chantanachookin et al. 1993).

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

References

Chantanachookin C; Boonyaratpalin S; Kasornchandra J; Direkbusarakom S; Ekpanithanpong U; Supamataya K; Sriurairatana S; Flegel TW, 1993. Histology and ultrastructure reveal a new granulosis-like virus in Penaeus monodon affected by yellow-head disease. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 17(2):145-157.

Flegel TW, 2012. Historic emergence, impact and current status of shrimp pathogens in Asia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(2):166-173. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022201112000602

OIE Handistatus, 2005. World Animal Health Publication and Handistatus II (data set for 2004). Paris, France: Office International des Epizooties.

OIE, 2009. World Animal Health Information Database - Version: 1.4. World Animal Health Information Database. Paris, France: World Organisation for Animal Health. http://www.oie.int

Wijegoonawardane PKM; Cowley JA; Thuy Phan; Hodgson RAJ; Nielsen L; Kiatpathomchai W; Walker PJ, 2008. Genetic diversity in the yellow head nidovirus complex. Virology, 380(2):213-225. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WXR-4TBVPP6-1&_user=6686535&_coverDate=10%2F25%2F2008&_rdoc=8&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%237165%232008%23996199997%23700230%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=7165&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=30&_acct=C000066028&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6686535&md5=6552b449993917f81530d9d6bf401b72

Wijegoonawardane PKM; Sittidilokratna N; Petchampai N; Cowley JA; Gudkovs N; Walker PJ, 2009. Homologous genetic recombination in the yellow head complex of nidoviruses infecting Penaeus monodon shrimp. Virology, 390(1):79-88. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WXR-4WDNBPK-1&_user=10&_coverDate=07%2F20%2F2009&_rdoc=11&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%237165%232009%23996099998%231280049%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=7165&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=17&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=9733d9325e60b6c7cbaff59911c28ced

Distribution Maps