Brachycaudus helichrysi
(leaf-curling plum aphid)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Line drawing Caption Apterous viviparous female: (a) Ultimate rostral segment; (b) Mesotarsal furca; (c) Siphunculus; (d) Cauda. Alate viviparous female: (e) Antennae; (f) Dorsal view of abdomen. Copyright GuangXue Zhang/Academia Sinica, Beijing	Line drawing	Apterous viviparous female: (a) Ultimate rostral segment; (b) Mesotarsal furca; (c) Siphunculus; (d) Cauda. Alate viviparous female: (e) Antennae; (f) Dorsal view of abdomen.	GuangXue Zhang/Academia Sinica, Beijing

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach

Preferred Common Name

• leaf-curling plum aphid

Other Scientific Names

• Acaudus bipapillatus Theobald
• Anuraphis abrotaniella Theobald
• Anuraphis ammobii Hori
• Anuraphis brevisiphon del Guercio
• Anuraphis cardi (L.)
• Anuraphis cardui ssp. turanica Mordvilko ex Nevsky
• Anuraphis centauriella Theobald
• Anuraphis cinerariae Theobald
• Anuraphis cyani Theobald
• Anuraphis fasciatus del Guercio
• Anuraphis filaginis anthemidis del Guercio
• Anuraphis flavescens del Guercio
• Anuraphis glaucifolia Theobald
• Anuraphis helichrysi Kaltenbach
• Anuraphis helichrysi ssp. asiatica nigriventris Nevsky
• Anuraphis insititiella del Guercio
• Anuraphis marutae
• Anuraphis menthaecola Nevsky
• Anuraphis mumecola Shinji
• Anuraphis poae del Guercio
• Anuraphis pruni (Reaumur) Del Guercio
• Anuraphis pruniavium Nevsky
• Anuraphis sherardiae Theobald
• Aphis adjecta Walker
• Aphis adscita Walker
• Aphis apposita Walker
• Aphis bartsiae Walker
• Aphis bellis Buckton
• Aphis cardui L.
• Aphis chrysanthemi Walker
• Aphis consumpta Walker
• Aphis convecta Walker
• Aphis conviva Walker
• Aphis detracta Walker
• Aphis diminuta Walker
• Aphis familiaris Walker
• Aphis helichrysi Kaltenbach
• Aphis incumbens Walker
• Aphis insessa Walker
• Aphis insititiae Koch
• Aphis leontopodii Schouteden
• Aphis marutae Oestlund
• Aphis myosotidis Koch
• Aphis nociva Walker
• Aphis persorbens Walker
• Aphis petasitidis Buckton
• Aphis prunina Walker
• Aphis prunus Shinji
• Aphis senecio Swain
• Aphis similis Walker
• Aphis socia Walker
• Brachycaudus cardi (L.)
• Brachycaudus tianshanicus Nevsky
• Siphocoryne cacaliae Matsumura

International Common Names

• English: peach leaf-curl aphid; plum aphid; small plum aphid; thistle aphid
• Spanish: afido del ciruclo; pulgón del cardo; pulgon verde del ciruelo
• French: puceron de l'artichaut; puceron du chardon; puceron vert du prunier

Local Common Names

• Argentina: pulgon del alamo
• Denmark: lille blommebladlus; lille tidselbladlus
• Finland: apilan kukkakirva; karhiaiskirva; mykerofiskirva; pieni ansarikirva
• Germany: Blattlaus, Grosse Pflaumen-; Blattlaus, Kleine Pflaumen-
• India: artichoke aphid
• Italy: afide del carciofo; afide del cardo; afide verde del chrysantemi
• Netherlands: Distelkorstaartluis; Kortstaartluis, groene
• Norway: lita plommebladlus
• Sweden: lilla plommonbladlusen; svart plommonbladlus

EPPO code

• ANURHE (Brachycaudus helichrysi)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Metazoa
•         Phylum: Arthropoda
•             Subphylum: Uniramia
•                 Class: Insecta
•                     Order: Hemiptera
•                         Suborder: Sternorrhyncha
•                             Unknown: Aphidoidea
•                                 Family: Aphididae
•                                     Genus: Brachycaudus
•                                         Species: Brachycaudus helichrysi

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Growth Stages

List of Symptoms/Signs

Natural enemies

References

Abdel-Salam AM, Assem MA, Hammad SM, 1972. Note on the control of leaf-worm of cotton, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and artichoke aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt., on artichoke. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42(2):179-181

Agarwal SC, Kushwaha KS, 1978. Efficacy of insecticidal control schedules against aphids and jassids on tomato. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 6(2):40-43. [publ. 1979]

Agarwala BK, Dutta S, Raychaudhuri DN, 1983. An account of syrphid (Diptera: Syrphidae) predators of aphids available in Darjeeling District of West Bengal and Sikkim. Pranikee, 4:238-244

Aguilera PA, Ortega KF, 1994. Determination of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on leguminous grasses in IX Region of Chile. Agricultura Te^acute~cnica (Santiago), 54(1):65-67; 18 ref

Ahmed MK, 1978. Insect pests of corn in the Libyan Jamahirija and infestations associated with its seedling stage. Libyan Journal of Agriculture, 7:109-114

Badenhausser I, 1996. Sequential sampling of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in sunflower fields. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89(6):1460-1467; 30 ref

Bassi R, 1994. The principal adversities of plum. Vita in Campagna, 12(12):33-35

Bazok R, 2008. Sunflower pests. (?tetnici suncokreta.) Glasilo Biljne Za?tite, 8(5):335-340

Bell AC, 1983. The life-history of the leaf-curling plum aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi in Northern Ireland and its ability to transmit potato virus Yc(AB). Annals of Applied Biology, 102(1):1-6

Blackman RL, Eastop VF, 1984. Aphids on the worlds crops. An identification guide. Coventry, UK: John Wiley & Sons, MHL Typesetting Ltd, 243-246

Blackman RL, Eastop VF, 1994. Aphids on the worlds trees. An identification and information guide. The Natural History Museum. Wallingford, UK: CAB International

Bokx JA de, Piron PGM, 1990. Relative efficiency of a number of aphid species in the transmission of potato virus Y(N) in the Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology, 96(4):237-246

Bujaki G, 1984. Study of aphids causing damage to sunflower in various regions of Hungary in the period 1979-1984. Novenyvedelem, 20(12):533-540

Bujaki G, Szalay ML, 1995. Damage of aphids in sunflower production and study of their natural enemies. Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Godollo, 1994-95, 143-158

Cameron PJ, Herman TJB, Fletcher JD, 1992. Incidence of thrips and aphids as potential virus vectors in field tomatoes. Proceedings of the Forty Fifth New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 11-13 August 1992 [edited by Popay, A. J.] Rotorua, New Zealand; New Zealand Plant Protection Society, 38-42

Camprag D, Thalji RA, 1981. Results of studies on the degree of infestation of individual parts of large fields of sunflower by the plant louse Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphididae). Zastita Bilja, 32(3):225-232

Carlot D, 1995. The directed control approach in orchards of plums for drying. Bulletin OILB/SROP, 18(2):47-50

Carlson EC, 1972. Aphid damage and control on safflower. Journal of Economic Entomology, 65(4):1085-1088

Carver M, Hart PJ, Wellings PW, 1993. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and associated biota from The Kingdom of Tonga, with respect to biological control. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 69(3):250-260

Chakrabarti S, Debnath N, Ghosh D, 1995. Bioecology of Harmonia eucharis (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). An aphidophagous predator in Western Himalayas. Entomon, 20(3/4):191-196; 28 ref

Charoenridhi S, Banziger H, Suebbhongsung S, Likinajul M, 1979. Frequency and fluctuation of 6 species of aphids trapped in a potato field at Fang, Northern Thailand. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(4):309-316

Chen ZhaoLuan, Ye GuiXiao, Zhang RuiZhu, 2006. Observation on the aphids of plum and its control. South China Fruits, No.2:78

Coutts BA, Hawkes JR, Jones RAC, 2006. Occurrence of Beet western yellows virus and its aphid vectors in over-summering broad-leafed weeds and volunteer crop plants in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 57(9):975-982. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/40/paper/AR05407.htm

del Bene G, Gargani E, Landi S, 1993. Biological and integrated pest control in protected ornamental crops: preliminary results. Colture Protette, 22(1):13-18

Eastop VF, Hille Ris Lambers D, 1976. Survey of the World's Aphids. The Hague, Netherlands: DR. W. Junk bv Publishers

Fursova MF, 1972. A study of the food relationships and distribution of root aphids in Turkmenia. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Turkmenskoi SSR, Biologicheskikh Nauk, 3:69-72

Geneci E, Görür G, 2007. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) species of the Central Aksaray. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences, 1(1):19-21. http://www.nobelonline.net

Ghosh AK, Lahiri AR, Biswas S, 1976. Preliminary observation on the development of a predaceous lady-bird beetle Ballia eucharis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Newsletter, Zoological Survey of India, 2(4):129-130

Gunenc Y, Gibson RW, 1980. Effects of glandular foliar hairs on the spread of potato virus Y. Potato Research, 23(3):345-351

Gupta PR, Thakur JR, 1993. Sexual generation and overwintering of the peach leaf curling aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Annals of Applied Biology, 122(2):215-221

Halbert SE, Remaudière G, Webb SE, 2000. Newly established and rarely collected aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Florida and the southeastern United States. Florida Entomologist, 83(1):79-91

Hall RA, 1976. Aphid control by a fungus, Verticillium lecanii, within an integrated programme for chrysanthemum pests and diseases. Proceedings of the Eighth British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference, 17th to 20th November 1975, Hotel Metropole, Brighton, England. Volumes 1, 2 & 3. British Crop Protection Council. London UK, 93-99

Hall RA, Burges HD, 1979. Control of aphids in glasshouses with the fungus, Verticillium lecanii. Annals of Applied Biology, 93(3):235-246

Hameed SF, Sud VK, Giamzo SP, 1975. New records of aphids from Kulu and Lahaul valleys (Himachal Pradesh). Indian Journal of Entomology, 37(2):203-205

Hartfield CM, Campbell CAM, 1996. The use of the selective insecticide pirimicarb for integrated pest management of plum aphids in UK orchards. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests & Diseases - 1996: Volume 3: Proceedings of an International Conference, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 1996., 879-884; 10 ref

Heie OE, 1989. Aphids in Denmark in the spring following the mild winter of 1988-89. Entomologiske Meddelelser, 57(3):173-175

Heie OE, 1992. The Aphidoidea (Hemiptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. IV. Leiden, Netherlands: E J Brill Scandinavian Science Press Ltd, 29-34

Hermoso de Mendoza A, Fuertes C, Serra J, 1986. Relative proportions and flight graphs of citrus aphids (Homoptera, Aphidinea) in Spain. Investigacion Agraria, Produccion y Proteccion Vegetales, 1(3):393-408

Höhn H, Höpli HU, Graf B, 2000. The green plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi): striking but not damaging!. (Die Grüne Zwetschgenblattlaus (Brachycaudus helichrysi): augenfällig aber nicht immer schädlich!.) Obst- und Weinbau, 136(24):617-620

Johnson JB, McCaffrey JP, Merickel FW, 1992. Endemic phytophagous insects associated with yellow starthistle in northern Idaho. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 68(3):169-173

Joy PJ, Lyla KR, Abraham CC, 1983. Preliminary studies on the aphid pests of Eupatorium odoratum Linn., an important weed in plantations of Kerala. In: Venkata Ram CS, ed. Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium on Plantation Crops. Plant protection (entomology, microbiology, nematology, plant pathology and rodentology). PLACROSYM II 1979 PLACROSYM Standing Committee Kasaragod, Kerala India, 272-274

Kapoor TR, Kashyap RK, Daulta BS, 1989. A note on the effect of time of insecticidal application for the control of peach leaf curl aphid in peach (Prunus persica Linn). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 18(3-4):239-241

Karczewska M, 1975. Investigations on the biology of the small plum aphid - Brachycaudus helichrisi (Kalt.) (Homoptera, Aphididae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 45(3/4):583-596

Karl E, Schmelzer K, 1971. Investigations on the transmissibility of watermelon mosaic viruses by aphid species. Archiv für Pflanzenschutz, 7(1):3-11

Kavallieratos NG, Tomanovic Z, Sarlis GP, Vayias BJ, Zikic V, Emmanouel NE, 2007. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) on cultivated and self-sown plants in Greece. Biologia (Bratislava), 62(3):335-344. http://www.springerlink.com/content/hq41035386226753/fulltext.pdf

Khalil SK, Taborsky V, Bartos J, 1983. Studies on Verticillium lecanii for the biological control of aphids. 10th International Congress of Plant Protection 1983. Volume 2. Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20-25 November, 1983. Plant protection for human welfare British Crop Protection Council Croydon UK, 788

Kollher V, Sauthoff W, 1983. Studies on the effect of stinging nettle extract on aphids. Nachrichtenbiatt des Deutcchem Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 35(4):56-58

Kollner V, 1985. Studies on the effect of stinging nettle water extracts on aphids. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 37(10):156-159

Lerin J, Badenhausser I, 1995. Influence of the leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi) on stem diameter, seed yield, and their relationship, in sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Science, 125(2):211-221

Lyla KR, Joy PJ, Abraham CC, 1985. Population fluctuations of aphid pests of Chromolpna odorata (Eupatorium odoratum) in Kerala. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala, 23(1):64-67

Meszleny A, Szalay-Marzso L, Jenser G, 1981. Observations on aphid flight in Hungarian orchards in 1978--1979. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricp, 16(3/4):433-445

Minoiu N, 1975. New investigations on plum pox virus. Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz, 11(6):389-397

Mishra DN, Zafer M, 2005. Evaluation of some newer insecticides for the management of leaf curl aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt) in peach orchard under mid-hill conditions of Uttaranchal. Environment and Ecology, 23(Special 2):376-378

Nourbakhsh SH, Nejadian ES, Mossadegh MS, Rezvani A, Bor PS, 2007. Seasonal variability of Brachycaudus amygdalinus and B. helichrysi in Shahr-e kord. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 75(1):25 (En), 81-93 (Pe)

Oetting RD, Morishita FS, Jefferson RN, Humphrey WA, Besemer ST, 1977. Aphid control on chrysanthemums and carnations. California Agriculture, 31(12):7-9

Paik WH, 1972. Aphidoidea. Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea. Vol. 13. Insecta 5

Portillo MM, 1988. Bioecological inventory of aphids on citrus plants and population densities of the principal species. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 47(1-4):79-93

Priyadarshini Behera, Sharma, D. R., 2017. Seasonal abundance of different aphids on various fruit crops in Punjab. Indian Journal of Ecology, 44(Special Issue 6), 667-669. http://indianecologicalsociety.com/society/indian-ecology-journals/

Pustovoit G, Plytikowa T, Gubin I, Pustovoit GV, Plytnikova TG, Gubin IA, 1978. Breeding and multiplication of sunflower in the USSR. Internationale Zeitschrift der Landwirtschft, 1:41-43

Pustovoit GV, Ilatovskii VP, Slyusar EL, Pustovoyt GV, Ilatovsky VP, Slusar EL, 1976. Results and Prospects of breeding sunflower for group immunity by interspecific hybridization. Sel' skokhozyai stvennaya Biologiya, 11(4):600-611

Rakauskas RP, 1980. Aphids of fruit trees and berry-bearing bushes of south-east Lithuania. Trudy Akademii Nauk Litovskoi SSR, B, 2(90):33-43

Ram S, Pathak KA, 1987. Occurrence and distribution of pest complex of some tropical and temperate fruits in Manipur. Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi), 28(1):12-18

Rao DG, Naidu R, Nayar NM, 1973. Studies on 'Katte' or 'Mosaic' disease of small cardamom. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Plantation Crops, December 8-9, 1972, Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Journal of Planatation Crops, 1:129-136. [publ. 1974]

Raworth DA, Chan CK, Foottit RG, Maw E, 2006. Spatial and temporal distribution of winged aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) frequenting blueberry fields in southwestern British Columbia and implications for the spread of Blueberry scorch virus. Canadian Entomologist, 138(1):104-113. http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ent/entomology.html

Raychaudhuri DN, ed. , 1980. Aphids of north-east India and Bhutan. Aphids of north-east India and Bhutan. The Zoological Society. Calcutta India, viii + 521 pp

Sadej W, 1993. Aphididae on red clover and the influence of cutting of plants on their quantity. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 62(1-4):139 144; 9 ref

Saljoqi AUR, Farman Ullah, Asghar M, 2002. Infestation of aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt) on peach, plum and almond plants in Northern Areas of Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 18(1):63-67

Sanchez MC, Cermeli M, 1987. Epidemiology of maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) in experimental plots of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). 1. Population fluctuation of aphids in staggered sowing. Agronomia Tropical (Maracay), 37(4-6):83-94

Sapunaru T, Andrei E, Barnaveta E, 1993. The behaviour of biological material released at Podu Iloaiei Research Station to attack by the aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. Probleme de Protec^tail~tia Plantelor, 21(2):203-212; 7 ref

Schipstra K, 1975. The effect of Vydate L against insects and mites on flower crops grown under glass. Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Gent, 40:315-321

Schliephake E, Karl E, 1995. Beobachtung des Blattlausfluges mittels Saugfalle. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 10:203-206

Semyanov VP, Polesny F, Muller W, Olszak RW, 1996. Lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Leningrad region orchards (fauna, biology and their role in pest population dynamics). Bulletin OILB SROP, 19(4):208-211

Sigvald R, Sandstrom M, 1993. Forecasting potato virus Y. 34th Swedish Crop Protection Conference, Uppsala 27-28 January 1993: pests and diseases. Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 211-219

Simova-Tosic D, Vukovic M, Antic M, 1989. A contribution to the study of ladybug predators of plant lice (Coccinellidae, Coleoptera). Zastita Bilja, 40(1):65-72

Singh SS, Tiwari HC, Singh VP, 2003. Management of leaf curl aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) in peach orchard using insecticides. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 11(1):35-37

Stary P, Erdelen C, 1982. Aphid parasitoids (Hym.: Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae) from the Yemen Arab Republic. Entomophaga, 27(1):105-108

Stary P, Ghosh AK, 1978. Further records of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Meghalaya, India Oriental Insects, 12(1):77-80

Stenseth C, 1970. Investigations of aphids on plum. Meldinger fra Norges Landbrukshoegeskole, 49(18):21 pp

Stenseth C, 1989. Aphids on strawberry. Norsk Landbruksforskning, 3(2):139-141

Talhouk AS, 1972. Field investigations on Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) and Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.), two common aphids of the almond tree in Lebanon. Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz, 45(7):97-103

Talhouk AS, 1977. Contribution to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries. VI. The sap-sucking pests. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie, 83(3):248-257

Thalji R, 1981. Natural enemies of the aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. (Hom. Aphididae), a pest of sunflower in Vojvodina. Zastita Bilja, 32(2):147-153

Triggiani O, 1973. Biological notes on Deraeocoris flavilinea Costa (Rhynchota-Heteroptera). Entomologica, 9:137-145

Triggiani O, 1973. Contribution to knowledge of the activity of the natural enemies of aphids on almond (Amygdalus communis) in the countryside round Bari. Entomologica, 9:119-135

Verma KL, Chowdhuri AN, 1975. Predation on peach leaf curl aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach by Coccinella septempunctata Linnpus. Indian Journal of Entomology, 37(3):315-316

Verma KL, Singh M, 1990. Biology of peach leaf curl aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi), 31(2):145-151; 7 ref

Veszelka MSz, Herczigh B, Vßlyi I, 1997. New possibility of controlling aphids in sunflower stands. No^umlaut~ve^acute~nyve^acute~delem, 33(6):307-309; 5 ref

Vitanov M, Marinova N, 1990. On the problem of sharka on plum. Selskostopanska Nauka, 28(4):76-79

Voicu MC, 1990. Entomophagous insects from sunflower crops in the Moldova Plateau. Probleme de Protectia Plantelor, 18(3):187-199

Woodford JAT, Dickson AT, 1975. New host plants for Brachycaudus helichrysi and Myzus ornatus (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Scotland. Plant Pathology, 24(3):186

Zamfirov Ts, 1973. Aphids (Hom. Aphididae) on strawberry in Bulgaria. I. Specific composition and importance of individual species as vectors of virus diseases. Gradinarska i Lozarska Nauka, 10(5):29-32

Zhang GX, Zhong TX, 1983. Economic Insect. Fauna of China. Fasc. 25. Honcopterm: Aphidinea, Part I. Beijing: Science Press, 1-387

Zhou XL, Harrington R, Woiwood IP, Perry JN, Clark SJ, 1996. Impact of climate change of aphid flight Phenology. Implications of Global environmental change' for crops in Europe, 1-3 April 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK. Aspects of Applied Biology, 45:299-305

Distribution References

Abdel-Salam A M, Assem M A, Hammad S M, 1972. Note on the control of leaf-worm of cotton, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) and artichoke aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt., on artichoke. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 42 (2), 179-181.

Agarwala B K, Dutta S, Raychaudhuri D N, 1983. An account of syrphid (Diptera: Syrphidae) predators of aphids available in Darjeeling District of West Bengal and Sikkim. Pranikee. 238-244.

Aguilera P A, Ortega K F, 1994. Determination of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on leguminous grasses in IX Region of Chile. (Determinacion de Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) (Homoptera: Aphididae) en leguminosas forrajeras para la IX region de Chile.). Agricultura Técnica (Santiago). 54 (1), 65-67.

Ahmed M K, 1978. Insect pests of corn in the Libyan Jamahirija and infestations associated with its seedling stage. Libyan Journal of Agriculture. 109-114.

Badenhausser I, 1996. Sequential sampling of Brachycaudus helichrysi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in sunflower fields. Journal of Economic Entomology. 89 (6), 1460-1467. DOI:10.1093/jee/89.6.1460

Bassi R, 1994. The principal adversities of plum. (Le principali avversità del susino.). Vita in Campagna. 12 (12), 33-35.

Bažok R, 2008. Sunflower pests. (Štetnici suncokreta.). Glasilo Biljne Zaštite. 8 (5), 335-340.

Bujáki G, 1984. Study of aphids causing damage to sunflower in various regions of Hungary in the period 1979-1984. (A napraforgót károsító levéltetvek vizsgálata több hazai tájegységen 1979-1984 időszakban.). Növényvédelem. 20 (12), 533-540.

Bujaki G, Szalay ML, 1995. Damage of aphids in sunflower production and study of their natural enemies. In: Bulletin of the University of Agricultural Sciences, Godollo, 1994-95, 143-158.

CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Cameron P J, Herman T J B, Fletcher J D, 1992. Incidence of thrips and aphids as potential virus vectors in field tomatoes. In: Proceedings of the Forty Fifth New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 11-13 August 1992 [Proceedings of the Forty Fifth New Zealand Plant Protection Conference, Wellington, New Zealand, 11-13 August 1992], [ed. by Popay A J]. Rotorua, New Zealand: New Zealand Plant Protection Society. 38-42.

Camprag D, Thalji R A, 1981. Results of studies on the degree of infestation of individual parts of large fields of sunflower by the plant louse Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphididae). (Rezultati proucavanja stepena naseljavanja pojedinih delova velikih polja pod suncokretom, lisnom vasi Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. (Homoptera, Aphididae).). Zastita Bilja. 32 (3), 225-232.

Carlot D, 1995. The directed control approach in orchards of plums for drying. (Approche de la protection raisonnée en vergers de pruniers d'Ente.). In: Bulletin OILB/SROP [In IOBC/WPRS working group 'Integrated plant protection in stone fruit' held at Nimes, France, on 6-8 September 1994.], 18 (2) 47-50.

Carver M, Hart P J, Wellings P W, 1993. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and associated biota from The Kingdom of Tonga, with respect to biological control. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 69 (3), 250-260.

Charoenridhi S, Banziger H, Suebbhongsung S, Likinajul M, 1979. Frequency and fluctuation of 6 species of aphids trapped in a potato field at Fang, Northern Thailand. Thai Journal of Agricultural Science. 12 (4), 309-316.

Chen ZhaoLuan, Ye GuiXiao, Zhang RuiZhu, 2006. Observation on the aphids of plum and its control. South China Fruits. 78.

Coutts B A, Hawkes J R, Jones R A C, 2006. Occurrence of Beet western yellows virus and its aphid vectors in over-summering broad-leafed weeds and volunteer crop plants in the grainbelt region of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 57 (9), 975-982. http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/40/paper/AR05407.htm DOI:10.1071/AR05407

Genecİ E, Görür G, 2007. Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) species of the Central Aksaray. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 1 (1), 19-21. http://www.nobelonline.net

Ghosh A K, Lahiri A R, Biswas S, 1976. Preliminary observation on the development of a predaceous lady-bird beetle Ballia eucharis Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Newsletter, Zoological Survey of India. 2 (4), 129-130.

Gupta P R, Thakur J R, 1993. Sexual generation and overwintering of the peach leaf curling aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) in Himachal Pradesh, India. Annals of Applied Biology. 122 (2), 215-221. DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1993.tb04028.x

Halbert S E, Remaudière G, Webb S E, 2000. Newly established and rarely collected aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Florida and the southeastern United States. Florida Entomologist. 83 (1), 79-91. DOI:10.2307/3496232

Hameed S F, Sud V K, Giamzo S P, 1975. New records of aphids from Kulu and Lahaul valleys (Himachal Pradesh). Indian Journal of Entomology. 37 (2), 203-205.

Hartfield C M, Campbell C A M, 1996. The use of the selective insecticide pirimicarb for integrated pest management of plum aphids in UK orchards. In: Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests & Diseases - 1996: Volume 3: Proceedings of an International Conference, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 1996. [Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests & Diseases - 1996: Volume 3: Proceedings of an International Conference, Brighton, UK, 18-21 November 1996.], Farnham, UK: British Crop Protection Council. 879-884.

Heie O E, 1989. Aphids in Denmark in the spring following the mild winter of 1988-89. (Bladlus i Danmark i forǻret efter den milde vinter 1988-89.). Entomologiske Meddelelser. 57 (3), 173-175.

Höhn H, Höpli H U, Graf B, 2000. The green plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi): striking but not damaging! (Die Grüne Zwetschgenblattlaus (Brachycaudus helichrysi): augenfällig aber nicht immer schädlich!). Obst- und Weinbau. 136 (24), 617-620.

Johnson J B, McCaffrey J P, Merickel F W, 1992. Endemic phytophagous insects associated with yellow starthistle in northern Idaho. Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 68 (3), 169-173.

Kapoor T R, Kashyap R K, Daulta B S, 1989. A note on the effect of time of insecticidal application for the control of peach leaf curl aphid in peach (Prunus persica Linn). Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences. 18 (3-4), 239-241.

Karl E, Schmelzer K, 1971. Investigations on the transmissibility of watermelon mosaic viruses by aphid species. (Untersuchungen zur Ubertragbarkeit von Wassermelonenmosaik-Viren durch Blattlausarten.). Archiv fur Pflanzenschutz. 7 (1), 3-11.

Kavallieratos N G, Tomanović Ž, Sarlis G P, Vayias B J, Žikić V, Emmanouel N E, 2007. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) on cultivated and self-sown plants in Greece. Biologia (Bratislava). 62 (3), 335-344. http://www.springerlink.com/content/hq41035386226753/fulltext.pdf DOI:10.2478/s11756-007-0056-x

Khalil S K, Taborsky V, Bartos J, 1983. Studies on Verticillium lecanii for the biological control of aphids. In: 10th International Congress of Plant Protection 1983. Volume 2. Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20-25 November, 1983. Plant protection for human welfare. [10th International Congress of Plant Protection 1983. Volume 2. Proceedings of a conference held at Brighton, England, 20-25 November, 1983. Plant protection for human welfare.], Croydon, UK: British Crop Protection Council. 788.

Lerin J, Badenhausser I, 1995. Influence of the leaf curling plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi) on stem diameter, seed yield, and their relationship, in sunflower. Journal of Agricultural Science. 125 (2), 211-221. DOI:10.1017/S0021859600084331

Lyla K R, Joy P J, Abraham C C, 1985. Population fluctuations of aphid pests of Chromolaena odorata (Eupatorium odoratum) in Kerala. Agricultural Research Journal of Kerala. 23 (1), 64-67.

Minoiu N, 1975. New investigations on plum pox virus. (Neue Untersuchungen uber das Scharka-Virus (plum pox virus).). Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenschutz. 11 (6), 389-397. DOI:10.1080/03235407509431715

Mishra D N, Zafer M, 2005. Evaluation of some newer insecticides for the management of leaf curl aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt) in peach orchard under mid-hill conditions of Uttaranchal. Environment and Ecology. 23 (Special 2), 376-378.

Nourbakhsh S H, Nejadian E S, Mossadegh M S, Rezvani A, Bor P S, 2007. Seasonal variability of Brachycaudus amygdalinus and B. helichrysi in Shahr-e kord. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology. 75 (1), 25 (En), 81-93 (Pe).

Oetting R D, Morishita F S, Jefferson R N, Humphrey W A, Besemer S T, 1977. Aphid control on chrysanthemums and carnations. California Agriculture. 31 (12), 7-9.

Paik WH, 1972. Aphidoidea. In: Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Fauna and Flora of Korea, Insecta 5, 13

Portillo M M, 1988. Bioecological inventory of aphids on citrus plants and population densities of the principal species. (Inventario bioecologico de los afidos que viven en plantas citricas, y curvas poblacionales de las principales especies.). Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. 47 (1-4), 79-93.

Priyadarshini Behera, Sharma D R, 2017. Seasonal abundance of different aphids on various fruit crops in Punjab. Indian Journal of Ecology. 44 (Special Issue 6), 667-669. http://indianecologicalsociety.com/society/indian-ecology-journals/

Rakauskas R P, 1980. Aphids of fruit trees and berry-bearing bushes of south-east Lithuania. Trudy Akademii Nauk Litovskoi SSR, B. 2 (90), 33-43.

Ram S, Pathak K A, 1987. Occurrence and distribution of pest complex of some tropical and temperate fruits in Manipur. Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi). 28 (1), 12-18.

Rao DG, Naidu R, Nayar NM, 1973. Studies on 'Katte' or 'Mosaic' disease of small cardamom. In: Journal of Planatation Crops [Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Plantation Crops, December 8-9, 1972, Trivandrum, Kerala, India], 1 129-136.

Raworth D A, Chan C K, Foottit R G, Maw E, 2006. Spatial and temporal distribution of winged aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) frequenting blueberry fields in southwestern British Columbia and implications for the spread of Blueberry scorch virus. Canadian Entomologist. 138 (1), 104-113. http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ent/entomology.html

Sądej W, 1993. Aphididae on red clover and the influence of cutting of plants on their quantity. (Mszyce (Aphididae) występujące na koniczynie czerwonej i wpływ przykaszania na ich liczebność.). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne. 62 (1-4), 139 144.

Saljoqi A U R, Farman Ullah, Asghar M, 2002. Infestation of aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt) on peach, plum and almond plants in Northern Areas of Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture. 18 (1), 63-67.

Sánchez M C, Cermeli M, 1987. Epidemiology of maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) in experimental plots of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). 1. Population fluctuation of aphids in staggered sowing. (Epidemiología del virus del mosaico enano del maiz (MDMV) en parcelas experimentales de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). 1. Fluctuación poblacional de áfidos en siembras escalonadas.). Agronomía Tropical (Maracay). 37 (4-6), 83-94.

Săpunaru T, Andrei E, Barnaveta E, 1993. The behaviour of biological material released at Podu Iloaiei Research Station to attack by the aphid Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt. (Comportarea materialului biologic de floarea-soarelui, creat la SCA Podu-Iloaiei la atacul afidului Brachycaudus helichrysi Kalt.). Probleme de Proteçtia Plantelor. 21 (2), 203-212.

Schliephake E, Karl E, 1995. Observations on the flight activity of aphids using a suction trap. (Beobachtung des Blattlausfluges mittels Saugfalle.). In: Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie, 10 (1-6) 203-206.

Semyanov V P, 1996. Lady beetles (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Leningrad region orchards (fauna, biology and their role in pest population dynamics). In: Bulletin OILB/SROP [International conference on integrated fruit production, at Cedzyna, Poland, 28 August-2 September 1995.], 19 (4) [ed. by Polesny F, Müller W, Olszak R W]. 208-211.

Sigvald R, Sandström M, 1993. Forecasting potato virus Y. (Prognos för potatisvirus Y.). In: 34th Swedish Crop Protection Conference, Uppsala 27-28 January 1993: pests and diseases [34th Swedish Crop Protection Conference, Uppsala 27-28 January 1993: pests and diseases], Uppsala, Sweden: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. 211-219.

Singh S S, Tiwari H C, Singh V P, 2003. Management of leaf curl aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) in peach orchard using insecticides. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences. 11 (1), 35-37.

Stary P, Erdelen C, 1982. Aphid parasitoids (Hym.: Aphidiidae, Aphelinidae) from the Yemen Arab Republic. Entomophaga. 27 (1), 105-108. DOI:10.1007/BF02371943

Stary P, Ghosh A K, 1978. Further records of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Meghalaya, India. Oriental Insects. 12 (1), 77-80.

Stenseth C, 1970. Investigations of aphids on plum. (Undersoekelser over bladlus pa plommer.). In: Meldinger fra Norges Landbrukshoegeskole, 49 (18) 21 pp.

Stenseth C, 1989. Aphids on strawberry. (Bladlus pǻ jordbær.). Norsk Landbruksforskning. 3 (2), 139-141.

Talhouk A S, 1972. Field investigations on Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) and Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.), two common aphids of the almond tree in Lebanon. (Freilanduntersuchungen an Pterochloroides persicae (Chol.) und Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.), zwei haufigen Aphiden des Mandelbaumes in Libanon.). Anzeiger fur Schadlingskunde und Pflanzenschutz. 45 (7), 97-103.

Talhouk A S, 1977. Contribution to the knowledge of almond pests in East Mediterranean countries. VI. The sap-sucking pests. Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie. 83 (3), 248-257.

Verma K L, Singh M, 1990. Biology of peach leaf curl aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Bulletin of Entomology (New Delhi). 31 (2), 145-151.

Vitanov M, Marinova N, 1990. On the problem of sharka on plum. Selskostopanska Nauka. 28 (4), 76-79.

Voicu M C, 1990. Entomophagous insects from sunflower crops in the Moldova Plateau. (Insecte folositoare din culturile de floarea-soarelui din podisul Moldovei.). Probleme de Protecția Plantelor. 18 (3), 187-199.

Woodford J A T, Dickson A T, 1975. New host plants for Brachycaudus helichrysi and Myzus ornatus (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Scotland. Plant Pathology. 24 (3), 186. DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01890.x

Zamfirov Ts, 1973. Aphids (Hom. Aphididae) on strawberry in Bulgaria. I. Specific composition and importance of individual species as vectors of virus diseases. Gradinarska i Lozarska Nauka. 10 (5), 29-32.

Zhang GX, Zhong TX, 1983. Economic Insect. Fauna of China. Fasc. 25. Honcopterm: Aphidinea, Part I., Beijing, Science Press. 1-387.

Zhou XL, Harrington R, Woiwood IP, Perry JN, Clark SJ, 1996. Impact of climate change of aphid flight Phenology. Implications of Global environmental change' for crops in Europe, 1-3 April 1996, Churchill College, Cambridge, UK. In: Aspects of Applied Biology, 45 299-305.

Distribution Maps