Vitex trifolia

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Leaves and flowers

Vitex trifolia (); leaves and flowers. Mangrove Nature Park Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Leaves and flowers

Vitex trifolia (); leaves and flowers. Mangrove Nature Park Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Flowers

Vitex trifolia (vitex); flowers. Kavvayi backwaters, Payyannur, Kerala, India. July 2016.

©V.R. Vinayaraj/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0

Flowering habit

Vitex trifolia (vitex); flowering habit. Kavvayi backwaters, Payyannur, Kerala, India. July 2016.

©V.R. Vinayaraj/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0

Flowers

Vitex trifolia (vitex); flowers. Kavvayi backwaters, Payyannur, Kerala, India. July 2016.

©V.R. Vinayaraj/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0

Leaves and flowers

Vitex trifolia (); flowers and leaves. Old golf course, Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, USA. June 2008.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Immature fruit and leaves

Vitex trifolia (vitex); leaves and immature fruit. Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, USA. June 2008.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Immature fruit and leaves

Vitex trifolia (vitex); leaves and immature fruit. Mangrove Nature Park Boynton Beach, Florida, USA. September 2009.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Fruit

Vitex trifolia (vitex); fruits. Kavvayi backwaters, Payyannur, Kerala, India. July 2016.

©V.R. Vinayaraj/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 4.0

Habit

Vitex trifolia (vitex); habit. Honolua Lipoa Point, Maui, Hawaii, USA. April 2018.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Habit

VitexVitex trifolia (vitex); habit, on old golf course, with Laysan Albatross chick (Phoebastria immutabilis). Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, USA. June 2008.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Habit

Vitex trifolia (vitex); habit, on old golf course, with Laysan Albatross chick (Phoebastria immutabilis). Sand Island, Midway Atoll, Hawaii, USA. June 2008.

©Forest & Kim Starr - CC BY 4.0

Identity

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Preferred Scientific Name

Vitex trifolia L.

EPPO code

VIXTR (Vitex trifolia)

Taxonomic Tree

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Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Spermatophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Dicotyledonae
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Vitex
Species: Vitex trifolia

Distribution Table

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The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Last updated: 23 Jun 2022

Continent/Country/Region	Distribution	Origin	Invasive	Reference	Notes
Africa
Comoros	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Kenya	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Madagascar	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Mauritius	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Mozambique	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Saint Helena
-Ascension	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Seychelles	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Somalia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
South Africa	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Tanzania	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Asia
Afghanistan	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Bangladesh	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Indonesia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Borneo	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Java	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Lesser Sunda Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Maluku Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Sulawesi	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Sumatra	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
China	Present, Localized	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Anhui	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Fujian	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Guangdong	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Guangxi	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Hebei	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Jiangsu	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Jiangxi	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016) Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Liaoning	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Shandong	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Yunnan	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
-Zhejiang	Present	Native		Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
Cocos Islands	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
India	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Andaman and Nicobar Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Assam	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Gujarat	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Haryana	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Karnataka	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Kerala	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Maharashtra	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Punjab	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Tamil Nadu	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-West Bengal	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Iran	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Japan	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Honshu	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Kyushu	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
-Ryukyu Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Shikoku	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Kazakhstan	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Laos	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Malaysia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Sarawak	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Myanmar	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Nepal	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
North Korea	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Philippines	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Saudi Arabia	Present			El-Sherbiny (2011)
South Korea	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Sri Lanka	Present	Native		USDA-ARS (2016)
Taiwan	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Thailand	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Vietnam	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
North America
Bahamas	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Costa Rica	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) Missouri Botanical Garden (2016a)
Cuba	Present	Introduced	Invasive	Oviedo Prieto et al. (2012)
El Salvador	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Mexico	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Nicaragua	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Trinidad and Tobago	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
United States	Present			CABI (2020)	Present, based on regional distribution
-Alabama	Present	Introduced		USDA-NRCS (2016) USDA-NRCS (2016a)	Listed as Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis
-Florida	Present	Introduced		USDA-NRCS (2016) USDA-NRCS (2016a)
-Hawaii	Present	Introduced	Naturalized	Wagner et al. (1999a) Wagner et al. (1999)
-North Carolina	Present	Introduced	Invasive	USDA-NRCS (2016) USDA-NRCS (2016a)	Listed as Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis
-South Carolina	Present	Introduced	Invasive	USDA-NRCS (2016)	Listed as Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis
-South Dakota	Present	Introduced	Invasive	USDA-NRCS (2016a)	Listed as Vitex trifolia subsp. litoralis
Oceania
Australia	Present			Govaerts (2016) Seebens et al. (2017)	Conflicting reports on whether it is native or introduced
-New South Wales	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Northern Territory	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Queensland	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Western Australia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Christmas Island	Present	Introduced		Govaerts (2016)
Cook Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Fiji	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
French Polynesia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Nauru	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
New Caledonia	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Niue	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Northern Mariana Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Papua New Guinea	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
-Bismarck Archipelago	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Solomon Islands	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Tonga	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Vanuatu	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
Wallis and Futuna	Present	Native		Govaerts (2016)
South America
Bolivia	Present	Introduced		Missouri Botanical Garden (2016) Missouri Botanical Garden (2016a)

Distribution Database Table

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Distribution References

CABI, 2020. CABI Distribution Database: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, 2022. CABI Distribution Database: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

El-Sherbiny A A, 2011. Phytoparasitic nematodes associated with ornamental shrubs, trees and palms in Saudi Arabia, including new host records. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 29 (2), 147-164.

Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2016. Flora of China. In: Flora of China. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=2

Govaerts R, 2016. World Checklist of Lamiaceae., Richmond, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016. Tropicos database. In: Tropicos database. St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2016a. Tropicos database., St. Louis, Missouri, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.tropicos.org/

Oviedo Prieto R, Herrera Oliver P, Caluff M G, et al, 2012. National list of invasive and potentially invasive plants in the Republic of Cuba - 2011. (Lista nacional de especies de plantas invasoras y potencialmente invasoras en la República de Cuba - 2011). Bissea: Boletín sobre Conservación de Plantas del Jardín Botánico Nacional de Cuba. 6 (Special Issue No. 1), 22-96.

Seebens H, Blackburn T M, Dyer E E, Genovesi P, Hulme P E, Jeschke J M, Pagad S, Pyšek P, Winter M, Arianoutsou M, Bacher S, Blasius B, Brundu G, Capinha C, Celesti-Grapow L, Dawson W, Dullinger S, Fuentes N, Jäger H, Kartesz J, Kenis M, Kreft H, Kühn I, Lenzner B, Liebhold A, Mosena A (et al), 2017. No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications. 8 (2), 14435. http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms14435

USDA-ARS, 2016. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online Database. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Online Database. Beltsville, Maryland, USA: National Germplasm Resources Laboratory. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx

USDA-NRCS, 2016. The PLANTS Database. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA: National Plant Data Team. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov

USDA-NRCS, 2016a. The PLANTS Database. In: The PLANTS Database. Greensboro, North Carolina, USA: National Plant Data Team. https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov

Wagner W L, Herbst D R, Sohmer S H, 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, Vols. 1 and 2. Honolulu, USA: University of Hawai'i and Bishop Museum Press. xviii + 1919 pp.

Wagner WI, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH, 1999a. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, revised edition., Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: University of Hawaii Press.

Uses List

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Medicinal, pharmaceutical

Traditional/folklore

Distribution Maps

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Invasive Species Compendium

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Vitex trifolia

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Vitex trifolia

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Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

EPPO code

Taxonomic Tree

Distribution Table

Africa

Asia

North America

Oceania

South America

Distribution Database Table

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