Vicia sativa
(common vetch)

Pictures

Picture	Title	Caption	Copyright
Title Habit Caption Typical habit. Copyright ©Sheldon Navie	Habit	Typical habit.	©Sheldon Navie
Title V. sativa plant Caption V. sativa plant. Copyright J.S. Mishra	V. sativa plant	V. sativa plant.	J.S. Mishra
Title Leaves Caption Leaves with tendrils. Copyright ©Sheldon Navie	Leaves	Leaves with tendrils.	©Sheldon Navie
Title Leaves and flowers Caption Leaves and flowers; note the many ants, some attending extra-floral nectaries. Copyright ©Sheldon Navie	Leaves and flowers	Leaves and flowers; note the many ants, some attending extra-floral nectaries.	©Sheldon Navie
Title Flower Caption Close-up of flowers; note the ants, some attending extra-floral nectaries. Copyright ©Sheldon Navie	Flower	Close-up of flowers; note the ants, some attending extra-floral nectaries.	©Sheldon Navie
Title Seed pods Caption Immature seed pods. Copyright ©Sheldon Navie	Seed pods	Immature seed pods.	©Sheldon Navie

Identity

Preferred Scientific Name

• Vicia sativa L

Preferred Common Name

• common vetch

Other Scientific Names

• Vicia sativa subsp. sativa

International Common Names

• Spanish: veza forrajera
• French: vesce fourragere
• Portuguese: avica; ervilhaca-vulgar

Local Common Names

• Germany: Futter- Wicke; Saat- Wicke; Sommer- Wicke
• India: akri; chatri-matri
• Italy: veccia coltivada; veccia comune
• Japan: ookarasunoendo
• Netherlands: Voederwikke
• Pakistan: rawari
• Sweden: fodervicker

EPPO code

• VICSA (Vicia sativa)

Taxonomic Tree

• Domain: Eukaryota
•     Kingdom: Plantae
•         Phylum: Spermatophyta
•             Subphylum: Angiospermae
•                 Class: Dicotyledonae
•                     Order: Fabales
•                         Family: Fabaceae
•                             Subfamily: Papilionoideae
•                                 Genus: Vicia
•                                     Species: Vicia sativa

Distribution Table

The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report.

Habitat List

References

Abdulmadjhid AA, 1972. The biological characteristics of pea aphid. Rastitelna Zashchita, 20(12):10-13.

Ahmad S; Ahmad I; Banaras M; Gill MA, 1984. Effect of row spacing and weed control on growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Agricultural Research, Pakistan, 22(2):113-117

Angiras NN; Vinod Sharma, 1996. Influence of row orientation, row spacing and weed-control methods on physiological performance of irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 41(1):41-47; 5 ref.

Balyan RS; Malik RK; Malik RS, 1991. Growth and development of Lathyrus aphaca, Vicia sativa and Cirsium arvense under different sowing dates. Haryana Journal of Agronomy, 7(2):136-139

Bensellam EH; Bouhache M; Rzozi SB; Salhi M, 1995. Effect of weeds and weed control on sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) in the Gharb region. Al Awamia, No. 88:21-34; 17 ref.

Bermudez E-J; Quintana Q-F; Miranda G-J, 1993. Feeding intake, in vivo digestibility and live weight gain in growing lambs feed on oat hay (Avena sativa) alon, mixed with vetch (Vicia sativa). Revista Latinoamericana do Pequenos Rumiantes, 1(1):39-48.

Bertin G; Reimond P; Wallart F, 1996. Importance of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl for set-aside management. Seizie^grave~me confe^acute~rence du COLUMA. Journe^acute~es internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, Reims, France, 6-8 de^acute~cembre 1995. Tome 2., 765-770.

Bhan VM; Yadav SK; Panwar RS; Singh SP, 1985. The influence of substituted urea herbicides alone and in combination with 2,4-D on the control of weeds in wheat. Beitrage zur Tropischen Landwirtschaft und Veterinarmedizin, 23(2):177-181

Bir SS; Kumari S, 1979. Cytological evolution of the leguminous flora of Punjab plains. In: Sidhu MK, 1991, Biology of Punjab Weeds: Distribution and evolutionary status. Mohali, India: Anova Publications, 251-260.

Bischof F, 1978. Common weeds from Iran, Turkey, the near East and North Africa; paintings by Ellen Mostafawy. (Schriftenreihe der GTZ [Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, Nr. 49]). Common weeds from Iran, Turkey, the near East and North Africa; paintings by Ellen Mostafawy. (Schriftenreihe der GTZ [Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit, Nr. 49]). Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit GmbH. Dag-Hammarskjold-Weg 1, D-6236 Eschborn 1 German Federal Republic, 224 pp.

Biseau JCde; Quinet Y; Deffernez L; Pasteels JM, 1997. Explosive food recruitment as a competitive strategy in the ant Myrmica sabuleti (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux, 44(1):59-73; 36 ref.

Cavero J; Plant RE; Shennan C; Williams JR; Kiniry JR; Benson VW, 1998. Application of EPIC model to nitrogen cycling in irrigated processing tomatoes under different management systems. Agricultural Systems, 56(4):391-414.

Chauhan R; Dahiya B; Khokhar KS, 1991. Weeding Vicia sativa L. to help check pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hb damage in chickpea, Cicer arietinum L. ACIAR Food Legume Newsletter, No. 15:3

Ciuberkiene D; Knasys V; Ciuberkis S, 1995. Effect of soil pH and fertilizer [NPK and/or manure] application on crop [fodder beets, barley, Vicia sativa, oats, perennial grasses and wheat] yield and weed infestation on light loamy soil. Lietuvos Zemdirbystes Instituto Mokslo Darbai, Zemdirbyste, No. 50:18-31; 15 ref.

Cresswell EG; Grime JP, 1981. Induction of a light requirement during seed development and its ecological consequences. Nature, 291(5816):583-585

Dangol DR; Pendey MP; Pandey PR, 1988. Ecological studies on weeds of winter vegetables at Rampur, Nepal. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 20(1):40-45

Debelyi GA; Bezhanidze OI; Kalinina LV; Ptashenchuk VN, 1977. Promising mutant varieties of pea and Vicia sativa. Khim-mutagenez-i-sozdanie-sortov-intensiv-tipa. Moscow, USSR: Referativnyi Zhurnal, 54-56.

Dingley JM; Gilmour JW, 1972. Colletotrichum acutatum Simmds. f.sp. pinea associated with "terminal crook" disease of Pinus spp. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 2(2):192-201

Dixit A, 1990. Weed Control in Mustard under varying Management Systems. M.Sc.(Ag) Thesis. New Delhi, India: Division of Agronomy, IARI.

Dordevic V; Suput M; Nenadic N, 1974. Study on the production of green stockfeed grown in successions (the green conveyer). Arhiv za Poljoprivredne Nauke, 27(100):3-11.

Dovydaitis V, 1997. Legume and cereal cultivars suitable for growing in mixtures for fodder. Lietuvos Zemdirbystes Instituto Mokslo Darbai, Zemdirbyste, 57:99-107.

Dumont R; Serpeille A, 1981. Weed control trials in peas, field beans, vetch and lupins. Compte Rendu de la 11e Conference du COLUMA., Tome 2:379-389

Eid SA; Zaher NA; Abu-Zeid AA, 1982. Investigations on the possible role of some weeds in the epidemiology of bean yellow mosaic virus. Agricultural Research Review, 62(2):379-385

Ercoli L; Mariotti M; Masoni A, 1997. Light interception in an oat/vetch intercrop. Rivista di Agronomia, 31(3):658-665.

Erskine W; Smartt J; Muehlbauer FJ, 1994. Mimicry of lentil and the domestication of common vetch and grass pea. Economic Botany, 48(3):326-332; 35 ref.

Fazali Subhan-I; Muhammad Khan, 1991. Effects of Dicuran MA-60 on weed control and wheat yield in irrigated farmer's fields of Peshawar valley. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 7(1):69-74

Fenni M, 1993. Survey of the flora of cornfields in the high cereal plains of Setif (North-East Algeria). Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 58(3A):1003-1011.

Francis CM; Bounejmate M; Robertson LD, 1994. Observations on the distribution and ecology of Vicia and Lathyrus species in northern Morocco. Al Awamia, No. 84:17-27

Gad AM; Bedair FA; Abdel Barry AA; Gelelah AA, 1978. Studies on weed seeds of wheat crops. Alexandrian Journal of Agricultural Research, 26(1):109-123

Gaffer MA; Islam MA; Islam MA, 1993. Critical period of weed competition in onion (Allium cepa L.). Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 28(4):68-75

García de Arevalo RC; García Romero C, 1996. Cultivation and utilization of the vetch-cereal mixture in Castilla-La Mancha. Cultivo y utilización de la asociación veza-cereal en Castilla-La Mancha., 56 pp.; 55 ref.

Garrido J; Pereira V; Gonzalez M; Figueiredo L, 1976. Advantages of linuron for weed control in wheat. II Simposio Nacional de Herbologia, Oeiras, 1976. Vol. I., 155-159

Gil J; Martin LM; Cubero JI, 1982. Resistance to broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk.) in Vicia sativa L. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Agricola, No.21:175-181

Gogoi AK; Barua IC, 1983-87. Compilation of weed survey work under All India Coordinated Research Programme on Weed Control. Jorhat, India: Assam Agricultural University.

Gould F, 1991. The evolutionary potential of crop pests. American Scientist, 79(6):496-507

Guan LiQuin; Hou QuanMin; Chen JianSheng; Zhang SongHan; Wang ZhiXiong, 1997. Study on wheat yield loss caused by infestation of Alopecurus japonicus and Vicia sativa. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 13(2):81-84; 6 ref.

Hadjichristodoulou A, 1978. Genotype, environment and rainfall effects on common vetch varieties in semi arid regions. Experimental Agriculture, 14(1):81-87.

Hai DQ; Kovacs K; Matkovics I; Matkovics B, 1975. Properties of enzymes. Perodixase and superoxide dismutase contents of plant seeds. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, 167(4):357-359.

Harada F; Moriya K; Yabe T, 1972. Observations on the survival and longevity of adult culex and Aedes mosquitoes fed on flowers of some nectar plants (II). Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology, 23(2):141-154.

Hassanzadeh N, 1996. The study of a few bacterial diseases in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 63(1/2):14-15, 52-60.

Hassen H; Mansouri M, 1996. Benefits of nitrogen fertilizer application in a mixed vetch-oats crop inthe humid zone of Tunisia. Fourrages, 146:173-180.

Hore DK; Tripathi RS, 1985. Ecological Survey of Weeds. West Bengal, Department of Agricultural Engineering, IIT Kharagpur.

Huyssteen L van; Zyl JL van; Koen AP, 1983. The effect of cover crop management on soil conditions and weed control in a Colombar vineyard in Oudtshoorn. XVIIIe Congres international de la vigne et du vin de l'O.I.V Cape Town, South Africa; O.I.V., 175-199

Iannelli P; Gallo A; Bozzini A, 1996. Vetch and mutagenesis. Sementi Elette, 42(1):11-14.

Irshad A Navachoo; Buth GM, 1986. Weed flora of Kashmir- Miscelaneous weeds of cultivation. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 18(4):257-258.

Itoh M; Kobayashi S; Manabe K; Takahashi M, 1997. effect of timing of winter weed control on the growth of young peach trees under sod culture. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 66(1):1-8.

Jain KK; Paradkar NR; Agrawal KK, 1996. Major weed flora of soybean and wheat fields at Powarkheda (M.P.). World Weeds, 3(3/4):183-186; 5 ref.

Katalan-Gateva Sh; Tsoneva P, 1977. Contribution to the study of the plant nematode fauna in Bulgaria. Godishnik na Sofiiskiya Universitet "Kliment Okhridski", Biologicheski Fakultet, Kniga 1, Zoologiya, 71:49-52

Kobaliya KN; Ostanin AI; Kasitskii Yu I, 1986. Comparative efficacy of annual or periodic applications of double superphosphate on heavy loamy dernopodzolic soil. Agrokhimiya, 2:18-24.

Kolev ID, 1977. Mimetism in plants. Rasteniev'dni-Nauki, 14(2):49-58.

Konstantinova K, 1971. Protein contents of cereals grown in mixtures with legumes. Rasteniev " dni-Nauki, 8(8):137-141.

Koptur S; Smith CL; Lawton JH, 1996. Effects of artificial defoliation on reproductive allocation in the common vetch, Vicia sativa (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae). American Journal of Botany, 83(7):886-889; 41 ref.

Kukresh LV, 1982. Chemical control of weeds in spring vetch. Zashchita Rastenii, No.5:32-33

Kumar S; Singh G, 1997. Efficacy and selectivity of tralkoxydim alone or in combination with isoproturon in wheat. Indian Journal of Agriculture, 41(2):306-309.

Lamberti F; Dandria D, 1979. Plant parasitic nematodes in the Maltese islands and the problems they cause. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 18:71-76.

Landi R, 1975. Effects of some nutritional factors on wheat/weed competition. Rivista di Agronomia, 9(2-3):146-152

Lu F, 1980. The effect of leguminous green manure crops on soil fertility in arid regions. In: mimeo, available from Arid lands Information Centre, Office of Arid land studies, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, USA.

Ma YuFu; Li BingQuan, 1995. Study on techniques for planting maize and fodder legumes in fields after wheat. Grassland of China, 3:45-47.

Mahmood TZ, 1987. Crop Weeds of Rawalpindi - Islamabad Area. Islamabad, Pakistan: National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council.

Malik RK; Panwar RS; Katyal SK; Bhan VM, 1985. Weed seed distribution in wheat a case study. Haryana Journal of Agronomy, 1(1):17-20

Medeiros ARM de; Lucchesi AA, 1993. Allelopathic effects of common vetch (Vicia sativa) on letuce in laboratory tests. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 28(1):9-14.

Mishra JS; BhanVM, 1997. Effect of pea cultivars and weed control on weed growth and yield of peas. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42(2):316-319.

Mishra JS; Singh VP; Bhan VM, 1996. Response of lentil to date of sowing and weed control in Jabalpur, India. Lens Newsletter, 23(1/2):18-23; 9 ref.

Mishra JS; Singh VP; Bhan VM, 1997. Effect of interference by common vetch (Vicia sativa) on yield and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 67(7):320-321; 3 ref.

Moens M; Jami T; Himme M van; Stryckers J, 1979. Chemical weed control in tomatoes in Tunisia. Mededelingen van de Fakulteit Landouwwetenschappen, Gent, 44(2):697-710

Moreno PR; Sanchez-Vizcaino E; Hernandez RC, 1975. Ruminant feeding trials with vetch (Vicia sativa vi 45).

Mosjidis JA; Zhang X, 1995. Seed germination and root growth of several Vicia sp. at different temperatures. Seed Science and Technology, 23(3):749-759.

Mousa ME; Ahmed MK; Mohamed MA, 1992. Effect of phosphorus fertilizers and seeding rate on forage yield of Vicia sativa L. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research, 70(3):861-872.

Navchoo IA; Buth GM, 1986. Weed flora of Kashmir - miscellaneous weeds of cultivation. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 18(4):257-258

Norcini JG; Aldrich JH; Martin FG, 1997. Pre-emergent control of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and black medic (Medicago lupulina L.). Journal of Environmental Horticulture, 15(3):149-152; 9 ref.

O'Donovan JT; Prendeville GN, 1975. Shoot zone uptake of soil-applied herbicides in some legume species. Weed Research, 15(6):413-417

O'Donovan JT; Prendeville GN, 1976. Interactions between soil-applied herbicides in the roots of some legume species. Weed Research, 16(5):331-336

Paplov D; Kostov K; Todorov N; Atanassova S, 1997. Prediction of productivity , morphological and physiological parameters of different forage plants. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(1):45-54.

Pescador M; Peris SJ, 1998. Effects of great bustards (Otis tarda) on cultivated areas in west-central Spain. Journal of Agricultural Science, 130(1):9-15; 27 ref.

Plitmann U, 1973. Biological Flora of Israel. 4. Vicia sativa subsp. amphicarpa (Doeth.) Aschers. & Graebn. Israel Journal of Botany, 22(3):178-194.

Potokina EK, 1997. Vicia sativa L. aggregate (Fabaceae) in the flora of former USSR. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 44(3):199-209; 31 ref.

Prasad LK, 1996. Potential of medics, trifoliums, melilotus as companion forage crop with oat. Rangelands in a sustainable biosphere. Proceedings of the Fifth International Rangeland Congress, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 23-28 July, 1995. Volume 1: Contributed presentations., 450-451; 4 ref.

Qiang S; Liu JW, 1996. The ecological analysis of the characteristics of weed vegetation of the summer crop fields in the south and north of Anhui Province. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 19(2):17-21.

Rameau C; Citron G; Orlando D; Fourreau C; Janson JP; Sicard G, 1996. Weed control in spring protein crops. Seizie^grave~me confe^acute~rence du COLUMA. Journe^acute~es internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, Reims, France, 6-8 de^acute~cembre 1995. Tome 2., 933-938; 1 ref.

Red-Kina ZV, 1974. Methods of distinguishing the seeds of flat seed vetch and lentil. Trudy po Prikladnoi Botanike Genetike i Selektsii, 51(2):72-77.

Rickerl DH; Touchton JT, 1986. Nitrogen production of winter legumes as affected by phosphorus and lime. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 9(8):1077-1093.

Risch H, 1972. Effect of root nodules and environmental factors on the development of Vicia villosa and Vicia sativa 3. Observations on the effect of fruiting and soil moisture on the development cycle of Vicia villosa Roth. and Vicia sativa L. Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen, 163(6):545-554.

Roberts HA; Ricketts MA, 1973. Comparative tolerance of some dicotyledons to pronamide and chlorpropham. Pesticide Science, 4(1):83-87

Rothrock CS; Kirkpatrick TL; Frans RE; Scott HD, 1995. The influence of winter legume cover crops on soilborne plant pathogens and cotton seedling diseases. Plant Disease, 79(2):167-171

Sabanci CO, 1995. Characterization study on common vetch populations collected in Turkey. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 104:26-28.

Santos HO dos; Tomm GO; Dos Santosh HP, 1996. Study of soil fertility under no tillage four wheat crop rotation systems. Revist Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 20(3):407-414.

Saric T; Misic LJ, 1976. Weed plant associations in various crops near Sarajevo. Savremena Poljoprivreda, 24(7/8):73-84

Saricicek Z; Garipoglu A; Sarican C, 1996. An investigation on feed value of Hungarian vetch and common vetch,. Ondokuzmayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 11(2):39-45.

Sbeta A, 1995. Note on pasture and forage production in Lybia. Al- Awamia, 89:149-157.

Sedivy J, 1972. The harmfulness of broad bean beetle (Bruchus rufimanus Boh.) in common vetch and broad bean. Ochrana Rostlin, 8(2):101-106.

Shaktawat MS, 1987. Chemical weed control in wheat. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 19(1-2):101-102

Sharma BK; Lavania GS, 1981. Interference between Vicia spp. and Triticum aestivum. Indian Journal of Ecology, 8(1):111-114

Sidhu MK, 1991. Biology of Punjab Weeds: Distribution and Evolutionary Status. Mohali, Punjab, India: Anova Publications.

Singh G; Singh D; Singh B, 1981. Weed control studies in sugarbeet. Proceedings of the Eighth Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. Bangalore, India: Asian Pacific Weed Science Society, 35-38

Singh K, 1988. Evaluation of pre-emergence herbicides for weed management in potato. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 20(1):53-57

Singh MP, 1986. Flora of Patna. New Delhi, India: International Books and Periodicals Supply Service.

Singh VK; Bajpai RP, 1992. Chemical control of weeds in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 5(1):86-87

Subhas Kumar; Govindra Singh; Kumar S; Singh G, 1997. Efficacy and selective of tralkoxydim alone or in combination with isoproturonin wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 42(2):306-309.

Tanaka N, 1977. Studies on the growth of root systems in leguminous crops. Agricultural Bulletin of Saga University, 43:1-82.

Tanji A, 1997. A survey of weeds interfering with mechanical harvesting of small grain cereals in Morocco. Arab Journal of Plant Protection , 15(1):19-23.

Tashkov G, 1971. Effect of green manuring on wheat yield . Rasteniev'dni-Nauki, 8(8):129-136.

Taylor JM; Coats GE, 1996. Comparison of fall versus spring applications of sulfometuron for common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) release. Weed Technology, 10(4):947-950; 9 ref.

Teixeira ASR; Oliveira OERde; Ribeiro JMCR; Costa Jdos SPda, 1996. Vetch (Vicia sativa) as a national source of protein for feeding pigs. (A ervilha forrageira (Vi´cia sativa) como fonte proteica de origem nacional para alimentação de suinos.) Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias, 91(519):116-133.

Tuganaev VV, 1975. History of cultivated plants in areas of the Volga and Kama rivers. Nauchnye Doklady Vysshei Shkoly Biologicheskie Nauki, 5:63-64.

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Vaishya RD; Sher Singh; Rajput AL, 1993. Effect of different weeds on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 38(1):115-116

Voth RD; Downs JP, 1984. Weed control in dormant turf grass with glyphosate. Proceedings, Southern Weed Science Society, 37th annual meeting Champaign, Illinois, USA, 15-19

Weiss B; Buchs W, 1997. Effect of different rotational fallows on the structure and dynamics of spider communities. Proceedings of the German Society for General and Applied Entomology, Bayreuth, Germany, 18-22 March 1997, 11:147-151.

Wilson HP; Hines TE, 1982. Comparison of the activities of HOE-00661 with paraquat and glyphosate. Proceedings Northeastern Weed Science Society., Volume 36:51

Distribution References

Balyan R S, Malik R K, Malik R S, 1991. Growth and development of Lathyrus aphaca, Vicia sativa and Cirsium arvense under different sowing dates. Haryana Journal of Agronomy. 7 (2), 136-139.

Bermúdez E J, Quintana Q F, Miranda G J, 1993. Feed intake, in vivo digestibility and liveweight gain in growing lambs fed on oat hay (Avena sativa) alone, mixed with vetch (Vicia sativa) or supplemented with concentrate. (Consumo, digestibilidad in vivo y ganancia de peso de corderos alimentados con heno de avena (Avena sativa) sola, en mezcla con veza (Vicia sativa) o suplementada con concentrado.). Revista Latinoamericana de Pequeños Rumiantes. 1 (1), 39-48.

Bertin G, Reimond P, Wallart F, 1996. Importance of metsulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl for set-aside management. (Intérêt du métsulfuron méthyle et du tribénuron méthyle pour l'entretien des jachères.). In: Seizième conférence du COLUMA. Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, Reims, France, 6-8 décembre 1995. Tome 2. [Seizième conférence du COLUMA. Journées internationales sur la lutte contre les mauvaises herbes, Reims, France, 6-8 décembre 1995. Tome 2.], Paris, France: Association Nationale pour la Protection des Plantes (ANPP). 765-770.

Biseau J C de, Quinet Y, Deffernez L, Pasteels J M, 1997. Explosive food recruitment as a competitive strategy in the ant Myrmica sabuleti (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Sociaux. 44 (1), 59-73. DOI:10.1007/s000400050023

CABI, Undated. Compendium record. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated a. CABI Compendium: Status inferred from regional distribution. Wallingford, UK: CABI

CABI, Undated b. CABI Compendium: Status as determined by CABI editor. Wallingford, UK: CABI

Cavero J, Plant R E, Shennan C, Williams J R, Kiniry J R, Benson V W, 1998. Application of EPIC model to nitrogen cycling in irrigated processing tomatoes under different management systems. Agricultural Systems. 56 (4), 391-414. DOI:10.1016/S0308-521X(96)00100-X

Dixit A, 1990. Weed Control in Mustard under varying Management Systems. M.Sc.(Ag) Thesis.,

Dovydaitis V, 1997. Legume and cereal cultivars suitable for growing in mixtures for fodder. (Ankštinių ir varpinių augalų įvairių veislių tinkamumas žaliajai masei.). Lietuvos Žemdirbystės Instituto Mokslo Darbai, Žemdirbystė. 99-107.

Fenni M, 1993. Survey of the flora of cornfields in the high cereal plains of Setif (North-East Algeria). (Inventaire et étude de la flore messicole des hautes plaines cerealières setifiennes (nord-est Algerie).). In: Mededelingen van de Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 58 (3A) 1003-1011.

Francis C M, Bounejmate M, Robertson L D, 1994. Observations on the distribution and ecology of Vicia and Lathyrus species in northern Morocco. Al Awamia. 17-27.

Gad A M, Bedair F A, Abdel Barry A A, Gelelah A A, 1978. Studies on weed seeds of wheat crops. Alexandrian Journal of Agricultural Research. 26 (1), 109-123.

Garrido J, Pereira V, Gonzalez M, Figueiredo L, 1976. Advantages of linuron for weed control in wheat. In: II Simposio Nacional de Herbologia, Oeiras, 1976. Vol. I. [II Simposio Nacional de Herbologia, Oeiras, 1976. Vol. I.], 155-159.

Guan LiQuin, Hou QuanMin, Chen JianSheng, Zhang SongHan, Wang ZhiXiong, 1997. Study on wheat yield loss caused by infestation of Alopecurus japonicus and Vicia sativa. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai. 13 (2), 81-84.

Hadjichristodoulou A, 1978. Genotype, environment and rainfall effects on common vetch varieties in a semi-arid region. Experimental Agriculture. 14 (1), 81-87. DOI:10.1017/S0014479700008371

Hassanzadeh N, 1996. The study of a few bacterial diseases in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology. 63 (1/2), 14-15 (En), 52-60 (P.

Hassen H, Mansouri M, 1996. Benefits of nitrogen fertilizer application in a mixed vetch-oats crop in the humid zone of Tunisia. (Intérêt de la fertilisation azotée pour l'association vesce-avoine en zone humide de Tunisie.). Fourrages. 173-180.

Hore DK, Tripathi RS, 1985. Ecological Survey of Weeds., West Bengal, Department of Agricultural Engineering, IIT Kharagpur.

Iannelli P, Gallo A, Bozzini A, 1996. Vetch and mutagenesis. (Veccia e mutagenesi.). Sementi Elette. 42 (1), 11-14.

Itoh M, Kobayashi S, Manabe K, Takahashi M, 1997. Effect of timing of winter weed control on the growth of young peach trees under sod culture. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science. 66 (1), 1-8. DOI:10.2503/jjshs.66.1

Jain K K, Paradkar N R, Agrawal K K, 1996. Major weed flora of soybean and wheat fields at Powarkheda (M.P.). World Weeds. 3 (3/4), 183-186.

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Distribution Maps